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4. A researcher wanted to evaluate UK’s exports (Y) using data for the period 1948 to 1984. He obtained the following regression results (standard error in parentheses): se= (12.5) (0.080) (t=)          (-2.35) The 5% critical value is -2.95 and the 10% critical value is -2.60.      se = (5.06)       (0.236)        (0.163)        (t=)            (-5.89) where is the second difference operator, that is the first difference of the first difference. What can you conclude about the stationarity of the time series in question?           

13. Let P(x) be the predicate,"4x + 1 is even." (a) Is P(5) true or false? (b) What, if anything, can you conclude about 3xP(x) from the truth value of P(5)? (c) What, if anything, can you conclude about VxP(x) from the truth value of P(5)?