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Jensen Inc., a graphic arts studio, is considering the purchase of computer equipment and software for a total cost of $18,000. Jensen can pay for the equipment and software over three years at the rate of $6,000 per year. The equipment is expected to last 10 to 20 years, but because of changing technology, Jensen believes it may need to replace the system in as soon as three to five years. A three-year lease of similar equipment and software is available for $6,000 per year. Jensen’s accountant has asked you to recommend whether the company should purchase or lease the equipment and software and to suggest the length of time over which to depreciate the software and equipment if the company makes the purchase.

Required:

Ignoring the effect of taxes, would you recommend the purchase or the lease? Why or why not? Referring to the definition of depreciation, what appropriate useful life should be used for the equipment and software?

Herald Golf, Inc., was formed in September of last year. The company designs, contracts for the manufacture of, and markets a line of men’s golf apparel. A portion of the statement of cash flows for Herald follows:

Management expects a solid increase in sales in the near future. To support the increase in sales, it plans to add $2.2 million to inventory. The company did not disclose a sales forecast. At the end of the current year, Herald had less than $1,000 in cash. It is not unusual for a new company to experience a loss and negative cash flows during its start-up phase.

Required:

As a financial analyst recently hired by a major investment bank, you have been asked to write a short memo to your supervisor evaluating the problems facing Herald. Emphasize typical sources of financing that may or may not be available to support the expansion.

What is 1+1?

b. Page B-3How would the following affect Target’s gift card liability (indicate “increase,” “decrease,” or “no change” for each):

i. Sale of a gift card

ii. Redemption of a gift card (the holder using it to acquire goods or services)

iii. Increase in breakage estimated for gift cards already sold

Target's 10K: https://corporate.target.com/annual-reports/2015/10-K/form-10-K

 An HCl molecule is excited to its first rotational energy level, corresponding to  J = 1. If the distance between its nuclei is ro = 0.1275 nm, what is the angular speed of the molecule about its center of mass?

Give a brief account of adam smith,s labour theory of value. How does this differ from Ricardos labour theory of value.

s=-1/2 gt²+v₀ t+s₀, where s is the height of the objected at time t seconds, g is 32 feet per second² and v₀ and s₀ are the initial velocity and initial height, respectively. Two friends are in competition. Each stands on the roof of the apartment building where each one lives. At the same time, each friend stands at the edge of the roof and throws up a basketball as hard as possible. Joan's apartment building is 120 feet high, and she trows the basketball at a speed of 24 feet per second. Joe's apartment building is 105 feet high, and he trows the basketball at a speed of 30 feet per second. a)write the function that describes the height of Joan's basketball, in terms of time measured in seconds. What kind of function is the height function? How do you know? b)Display the graph of the function you found from a) above.

Fit a Parabola: points (1,-10), (2,-30), (-2,2). a)Find the equation of the unique parabola that passes through the three points given. You must show all the algebra necessary to find the equation. b)Use substitutions to verify that each point satisfy the equation you found.

Consider the following equation: P = 50 – 0.5Q (Demand) and P = 2Q (Supply). Answer the following questions.
a. What is the market equilibrium price and quantity?
b. What is the consumer surplus and producer surplus at the market equilibrium?
c. Suppose that government sets a price ceiling of $30. What is the quantity supplied in the market now?
d. What is the consumer surplus and producer surplus based on the new price?
e. What is the loss of economic surplus due to the price ceiling?

The manufacturer of commercial jets has a cost index equal to 94.9 per aircraft in 2013. The anticipated cost index for the airplane in 2018 is 116.6. The average compound rate of growth should hold steady for the next 15 years. If an aircraft costs $20.1 million to build in 2014, what is its expected cost in 2016? State your assumptions.

Afua Adipa’s laptop has been giving her a lot of trouble. It is four years old and in the last six months, the hard drive has crashed frequently, causing her to lose data. She takes her laptop to a service center, where she is told that her hard drive has become unstable, leading to crashes and data loss. The analyst recommends that she invest in a portable hard drive and back up her data frequently. Alternatively, she could buy a new laptop. The cost of recovering lost data is $80 per session. A portable hard drive costs $150. A new laptop costs $550.Afua decides to buy a new laptop, arguing that it isn’t that much more expensive than a portable hard drive. Comment on her reasoning.

Doctors often charge patients different amounts depending on their judgement concerning the patients’ ability to pay. What implications does this have for exchange efficiency?

1. Twenty first century electronics has discovered a theft problem at its warehouse and has decided to hire security guards. The firm wants to hire the optimal number of security guards. The following table shows how the number of security guards affects the number of radios 
   stolen per week. 
   Number of security guards 0 1 2 3 4 5
   Number of radios stolen per week 50 30 20 14 8 6
   a) If each security guard is paid $200 a week and the cost of a stolen radio is $25, how many security guards should the firm hire?
   b) If the cost of a stolen radio is $25, what is the most the firm would be willing to pay to hire the first security guard?
   c) If each security guard is paid $200 a week and the cost of a stolen radio is $50, how many  security guards should the firm hire?

To achieve its goals, the US used economic sanctions against other economies. Discuss the various trade instruments that may be used as sanctions. 

Critically evaluate the impact of the sanctions on related trading partners/economies.

Which of the following statement is true?

⚪ The sample regression line always pass through  

Demand: P= 100 - Q

Supply: P= 3Q

Find Equilibrium Price.

Find Equilibrium Quantity

In a competitive market, what impact should each of the following have on demand for portable music players? In each example, explain your reasoning.
(a) the creation of better, lower-cost gadgets to compete with music players
(b) a rise in the number of people and their incomes
(c) a significant increase in the quantity and quality of music available to players
(d) customer anticipation of significant increases in the price of music players

 The demand for shoes is given as : * = 100 - 3P, + 4P, - .01M + 2A, where A, represents the amount of advertising spent on shoes (X), P, is the price of good
 X, P. is the price of good Y, and Mis average income. Suppose good X sells at $25 a pair, good Y sells at $35, the company utilizes 50 units of advertising, and average consumer income is $20,000. Calculate and interpret the own price, cross-price, and income elasticity of demand.Given that all the other factors will be constant, What price should be charged to maximize total revenue?

As stated about Greek Architecture from your reading this week: “The formulas they invented as early as the sixth century B.C. have influenced the architecture of the past two millennia.” 

Please give an example of a building built after 1900 you may have seen either in person or in pictures that was designed in a classical style. Why do you think the architect(s) chose to copy the classical style? What kind of messages does that style convey? How is the building’s function (use) suited to the classical style?

MARKET STRUCTURE AND THE MERGER’S PRESUMPTIVE ILLEGALITY

Staples and Office Depot are by far the two largest vendors of consumable office supplies to large B-to-B customers. When large B-to-B customers issue RFPs for the sale and distribution of office supplies, Staples and Office Depot (including OfficeMax, which was acquired by Office Depot in 2013) are usually the two finalists for the business. In fact, Staples and Office Depot are often the only two companies that submit a proposal to supply a broad range of consumable office supplies on a nationwide basis.

The Merger Guidelines measure concentration using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (“HHI”). The HHI is calculated by totaling the squares of the market shares of every firm in the relevant market. Under the Merger Guidelines, a merger is presumed likely to create or enhance market power—and is presumptively illegal—when the post-merger HHI exceeds 2,500 and the merger increases the HHI by more than 200 points.

The market for the sale and distribution of consumable office supplies to large B-to-B customers is highly concentrated, and the parties control the majority of sales. Post-Merger, the market would be substantially more highly concentrated than it is today. Post-Merger, Staples would control more than 70% of this relevant market. The next largest competitor would possess less than 5% of the relevant market. The Merger would result in a post-Merger HHI of well over 2500, and an increase in concentration of well over 200 points. Post-Merger market concentration would be more than 4900, and would increase HHIs in an already concentrated market by well over 200 points. Thus, the Merger would result in concentration above the amount necessary to establish a presumption of competitive harm.

PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

ANSWER BY PROVIDING

·         Offer realistic ways to solve what isn’t working or how to improve its current condition. Explain why these solutions work by offering testable evidence.

ANTICOMPETITIVE EFFECTS: The Merger Would Eliminate Vital Head-To-Head Competition between Staples and Office Depot

The two companies are each other’s closest competitors. They are the two largest vendors of consumable office supplies to large B-to-B customers in the United States. The scale and capabilities of Staples and Office Depot are similarly matched, and are much larger and more robust than those of the next-largest vendor of consumable office supplies to large B-to-B customers (a regional office supplies vendor, W.B. Mason).
Staples’ and Office Depot’s size allows them to obtain products from manufacturers at lower prices than other vendors generally can. Both also offer a collection of distribution services that no other vendor of consumable office supplies can match: a national footprint with an extensive array of warehouses and distribution centers located across the country; correspondingly large salesforces; product breadth and depth, including private-label products; a single point of contact across all of a customer’s locations; a single user interface that connects to a customer’s procurement and billing systems; and other significant value-added offerings, such as order tracking, utilization reporting, and customizable catalogs.

The companies acknowledge that they are each other’s closest competitors. One of Office Depot’s own documents indicates that “[o]n a national scale, Office Depot’s competition is Staples.” Staples refers to itself as operating in a “2 player national market” and notes that “[t]here are only two real choices for customers.” 
They are often the first and second choices for large B-to-B customers of consumable office supplies, and predominantly win large B-to-B customers from, and lose large B-to-B customers to, each other.

Staples and Office Depot compete aggressively with each other on price and non-price terms to win and retain the business of large B-to-B customers. Staples and Office Depot frequently must compete with each other by lowering prices, increasing discounts or rebates, and providing significant cash incentives to win or keep large B-to-B customer accounts. 

Large B-to-B customers benefit from the competition between the two firms. Among other things, that competition enables customers to pit Staples and Office Depot against each other to obtain lower prices and better contract terms. Large B-to-B customers switch, or threaten to switch, their business from Staples to Office Depot, and vice versa, to obtain better prices, discounts, cash incentives, and other beneficial terms. There are many of examples of direct price competition between Staples and Office Depot for large B-to-B customers.  The Merger would eliminate this intense head-to-head price competition for large B-to-B customers. 
Staples and Office Depot also compete aggressively on non-price terms to win large B-to-B customers by offering high-quality services. They currently risk losing business to each other if large B-to-B customers perceive one company’s service as inferior or lacking. After the Merger, Staples would face substantially less competition for large B-to-B customers, and would have less incentive to improve, or even maintain, its current level of service to win or keep business.
Retail stores and internet websites directed at retail consumers are not viable alternatives for most large B-to-B customers. Such retailers cannot provide the level of pricing or service that office supplies vendors such as Staples and Office Depot provide and that large B-to-B customers require.
Wholesale suppliers of office supplies are not meaningful alternatives for most large B-to-B customers because wholesalers generally sell only for resale, not to businesses for their own use. Even when wholesalers work with independent vendors to distribute to customers, those wholesaler-vendor partnerships cannot provide the level of pricing or service that large office supplies vendors provide and that large B-to-B customers require.
Manufacturers of consumable office supplies are not a viable distribution option for most large B-to-B customers’ consumable office supplies needs. Given the breadth of office supplies large B-to-B customers buy, such customers would have to purchase from a large number of different manufacturers to cover their employees’ needs. Such purchasing would be highly inefficient, costly, and not practicable for most large customers. Moreover, manufacturers of consumable office supplies generally sell only in very large quantities, generally far larger than a B-to-B customer would purchase for its own use. As a result, manufacturers of consumable office supplies generally do not sell their products directly to customers buying for their own end-use and not for resale.
Other office supplies vendors, such as Amazon Business, regional vendors such as W.B. Mason, distribution consortia, and vendors of adjacent products, such as janitorial/sanitation products or breakroom supplies, generally have some combination of higher costs and thus higher prices, limited geographic footprints, and/or logistical and coordination challenges for large B-to-B customers. As a result, they would not meaningfully constrain Staples’ exercise of market power post-Merger.

ANSWER BY

PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

·         Offer realistic ways to solve what isn’t working or how to improve its current condition. Explain why these solutions work by offering testable evidence.

LACK OF COUNTERVAILING FACTORS

Barriers to Entry and Expansion

It is not likely that new entry or expansion by existing firms would be timely, likely, or sufficient to offset the anticompetitive effects of the Merger. A firm seeking to enter or expand in the market for the sale and distribution of consumable office supplies to large B-to-B customers, many of whom operate nationally or in multiple regions of the country, would face significant barriers to success.

One key obstacle to expansion by regional firms or consortia is having the geographic footprint to serve large B-to-B customers, many of which operate nationally or in multiple regions of the country. Creating a national distribution network anywhere close to that offered by Staples or Office Depot would be time and resource intensive.

Other vendors of consumable office supplies are many years and significant capital investments away from being in a position to replace the competition that Office Depot currently provides to Staples, even assuming those other vendors were likely to expand their geographic footprints.

Additionally, entrants must develop sophisticated IT systems that large B-to-B customers expect, to allow customized ordering systems that interface with the customer's procurement, billing, and utilization tracking systems. Such systems are costly to develop and maintain.

Large B-to-B customers also value having a relationship with an experienced sales representative that understands their particular needs. Thus, vendors seeking to enter or expand must recruit and hire a competent and experienced salesforce that can serve customers in multiple regions of the country. To hire enough sales representative to enter or expand on a sufficient scale to constrain the merged firm in multiple regions or nationally would take a significant amount of time and effort, particularly in light of noncompetition and non-solicitation agreements that incumbent vendors have with their employees.

Entrants also must overcome reputational barriers to entry and the companies' strong incumbency advantage. A significant percentage of RFPs are won by incumbent vendors-and often by Staples or Office Depot.

ANSWER BY 

PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

·         Offer realistic ways to solve what isn’t working or how to improve its current condition. Explain why these solutions work by offering testable evidence.

Total cost: C(q)= 10 +q+q^2
1-Variable cost function?
2- Variable cost of production 2 units?
3- fixed cost
4- Marginal cost function?
5- marginal cost of production 2 units?

Please answer these questions without using derivative method.

The total amount of money (the money supply) in the economy equals:

What is bitcoin?

What is micro economices?

Two players must choose among three alternatives a, b, and c. Player 1's preferences are given by a≻b≻c while player 2's preferences are given by c≻b≻a. The rules are that player 1 moves first and can veto one of the three alternatives. Then player 2 chooses one of the remaining two alternatives.

(a) Find all Nash equilibria of this game.

(b) Find the subgame-perfect NE of this game.

Explain why the M-C-M’ economy is a more accurate representation of the real economy by using what you have learned about Keynes’ effective demand theory. (Your answer should include the concepts covered in the chapters by Dillard, such as MEK, MPC, private sector investment, etc.). According to Keynes, how does the adjustment process work when in a recession? (Hint, inventories and quantities play a pivotal role.) What role does expectations (animal spirits) of the near future play in his argument? Give two common sense reasons why businesses will not want to lower prices immediately when experiencing a decrease in demand (sales). Does this validate the orthodox or heterodox theory of the economic process?

ws curve: 𝑊/𝑃= 𝑃^𝑒/𝑃(40/100 + 𝑧 − 10𝑢)
production function: 𝑌 = 2𝑁
job insurance generosity: 𝑍 = 60/100
labor force: 𝐿 = 500
profit margin: 𝑚 = 1
and whose demand is characterized by the equations:
consumption: 𝐶 = 40 + 0.1(𝑌 − 𝑇)
investments:𝐼 = 14 − 20𝑖
government spending: 𝐺 = 40
taxes: 𝑇 = 40
expected inflation: 𝜋𝑒 = 0
Nominal Currency Stock: 𝑀̅ = 1000
actual cash demand: 𝑀^𝑑/𝑃 = 𝑌 − 120𝑖

What is the equation of the IS curve? What is the equation of the LM curve?

Given the utility function U=150X+40X2-X3, derive average and marginal utility functions, Find the value of X at which total utility is maximum, and the value of X at which average utility is maximum?

What causes inflation?

Given the total utility function (Tu)=150x+40x²-x³,then drive marginal utility function and find the value of x at which total utility is maximum

 Suppose the generic demand function of a hypothetical good is given by:

 Qd = 250 + 0.75Y- 0.35P + 0.25Py + 500, where Y is income, Py is price of the related good and P is price of the good .Y =1500. P=3, Py =2 then

 A. Find quantity of demand

 B. Calculate price elasticity of demand and interpret your result

 C. Calculate income elasticity of demand and identify the types of goods.

 D. Calculate cross price elasticity of demand and identify the nature of the good

What is 10 x 10?

Differentiate x tan x.

1. Matlab code to Convert binary/octal/hexdeacimal rational number into decimal