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43. I start yelling at my spouse. She picks up the frying pan and hits me on the head. Now I never yell at my spouse. My behavior decreasing is an example of a. positive reinforcement c. positive punishment b. negative reinforcement d. negative punishment

28. A father believes that certain behaviours are more appropriate for boys than for girls. His wife has heard him share these beliefs and she wonders whether they are partly responsible for the fact that he relates differently to his son, with whom he tends to use more verbal and physical prohibition than he does with his daughter. In this example, the father's beliefs would be examples of , while the fact that he treats his children differently depending on their gender demonstrates the concept of A) gender identities, gender constancies B) sex-role stereotypes; gender preferences C) sex-role stereotypes; sex typing D) gender identities; sex typing E) gender identities; gender behaviour

10. Mr. Inwood is a retired business man. He finds that his thinking pattern has changed significantly from when he was in his early thirties. According to Cattell, Mr. Inwood's thinking has progressed from using intelligence to depending more on intelligence A) the g factor, s factor B) fluid, crystallized C) verbal, performance D) non-verbal, verbal E) crystallized, fluid

21) What where Gestalt's theories mostly forced on?

9. The Eustachian Tube is used to a. equalize air pressure in the ear b. convert sound to action potentials c. send signals from the eye to the brain. d. none of these

18. The ossicles are responsible for a. motion detection . b. balance C. sound clarity d. none of these

5. As you listen to one of your psychology professors talking to a colleague, she uses the words "childhood sexuality" and "repression" when speaking about memory. Most likely, she is speaking about which psychological perspective? A) social constructivism B) psychodynamic C) humanistic D) neuroscience E) sociobiology

36. If the motor cortex of a mouse was chemically deactivated, the mouse would not be able to a. move. b. feel. c. think d. process sounds.

Why is replication of research important? A) this increases internal validity B) this increases external validity C) this increases psychological validity D) this decreases confounding E) this insures random assignment

24) What are the set of rules that indicate how words can be combined to form phrases and sentences called?

35. Damage to the occipital lobe typically results in A) a loss of biological drives, such as hunger and thirst B) the inability to plan and carry out a sequence of actions C) the inability to remember recent information or events D) complete loss of intellectual functioning E) loss or reduction of vision

34. When I present a list of items and the subject's recall for items at the end of a list is better than the middle of the list, this is called the_ effect. a. primacy b. recency c. Von Resterhoff d. none of these

26. In spontaneous recovery, the level of responding. a. is as higher as the orginal level of responding. b. Is equal to the orginal level of responding. c. Is lower to the orginal level of responding. d. Has nothing to do with levels of responding.

23. All humans show changes in facial expressions to accompany emotions such as fear, anger, happiness, disgust, and surprise. But how well can you identify these expressions when shown by individuals from a different culture? A) identifying facial expressions is a learned skill, so you would not be able to identify them if you were not familiar with that particular culture B) facial expressions are similar across cultures so you would be able to identify them with good accuracy C) facial expressions are all culturally specific, so you would not be able to identify them D) facial expressions vary by personality, not by culture

31. When a CS is presented after the UCS this is called conditioning. a. trace b. simultaneous c. backward d. short delayed

1. Another form of intelligence that has attracted a lot of attention is emotional intelligence. A person with a high emotional IQ A) has the ability to read others' emotions accurately B) often have even higher verbal IQ scores C) usually doesn't attend university D) are intellectually disabled in a general sense E) both A &C

39. In grade school, children are given one gold star for every five correct answers. This is an example of a reinforcement schedule. a. fixed interval b. variable ratio c. variable interval d. fixed ratio

5. The fovea is mostly likely to see a. well in the dark. b. color c. black, white, and gray. d. none of these

16) The inability to process smell is called?

14. A control group A) must always be used in correlational research B) is not exposed to the experimental treatment C) cannot be used as a comparison to the experimental group D) must be deceived into believing they are receiving treatment E) all of the above

2.Factor analysis is useful to a psychologist pursing a trait approach to personality because it allows him or her to

29. When a new stimulus that is similar to the original stimulus causes responding, this is called a. generalization b. discrimination c. spontaneous recovery d. none of these

45. In Asch's conformity studies (where participant's had to judge the length of lines), what effect did a dissenter have (a confederate who disagrees with the others)? A) dissenters were criticized and excluded from the group B) dissenters increased conformity C) dissenters reduced conformity D) dissenters only reduced conformity if they dissented by choosing the correct answer E) dissenters only increased conformity if they dissented by choosing the correct answer

49. Any given child has a 50% chance of sharing any particular gene with his/her A) biological mother B) biological father C) non-twin biological sibling D) fraternal twin E) all of the above

19. As dusk occurs, blue and green colors appear darker and deeper. This is called? a. motion parallax b. color bi-constancy C. purkinje shift d. Lowel's colors

30. The gradual disappearance of aresponse that is no longer being reinforced is called: a. extinction. c. spontaneous remission b. unconditioning. d. conditioned forgetting. e. none of these.

13. A limitation of Correlational research is that A) the data do not permit cause and effect conclusions B) the correlation coefficient only goes from -1.00 to +1.00 C) the data collected cannot be plotted D) it only addresses questions that cannot be studied experimentally E) it does not allow us to make predictions about the variables

21. Hypnosis involves a state of a. heightened openness to suggestion b. improved perceptual skills. c. being under mind control. d. increased physical stamina.

41. A child doesn't hesitate to run into a room whenever he smells the perfume his mom wears, but not when he smells other perfumes. This phenomenon would be considered an example of A) stimulus discrimination B) habituation C) extinction D) generalization E) observational learning

30. The structure in the forebrain that is critical for organizing emotional response patterns (especially related to fear and aggression) is the A) hippocampus B) cerebrum C) amygdala D) thalamus E) medulla

2) According to the linguistic relativity hypothesis, language shapes?

43. Consider the following scenario: A group of psychologists are studying the genetic influence on intelligence. They find that identical twins (raised together) have a heritability coefficient of .88 and that fraternal twins (raised together) have a heritability coefficient of .42. Based solely on these findings, the psychologists can legitimately conclude that A) intelligence is entirely shaped by genetics B) intelligence is entirely shaped by the environment C) intelligence is impacted be genetics D) intelligence is not impacted by the environment E) intelligence is not at all impacted by genetics

16. Juan is experiencing a sleep disorder. For no reason at all, he suddenly falls into sleep whether it is day or night. If he is standing at the time, he falls down due to loss of muscle tone. EEG recordings indicate that he cycles directly into REM. Most likely, Juan is suffering from A) insomnia B) sleep apnea C) night terrors D) narcolepsy E) REM-sleep behaviour disorder

5. Dark adaptation A) takes longer for rods B) produces greater sensitivity in the cones than in the rods C) takes longer when moving from an environment of red light to darkness D) is the process by which photoreceptors are depleted of pigment molecules E) only takes 10 minutes for both rods and cones

50. The heritability coefficient is highest for which of the following human characteristics? A) conscientiousness B) height C) intelligence D) extroversion E) impulsivity

18. All of the following brain structures were mentioned as playing important roles in the regulation and production of emotion except the A) amygdala B) hypothalamus C) cerebellum D) hippocampus E) cerebral cortex

37. Neurotransmitter substances are stored in the of the neuron, and after an action potential fires at the axon terminal, the neurotransmitters A) dendrites, are released into the soma of the neuron B) synaptic vesicles; are released into the axon of the neuron C) glial cells; bind to receptor sites on the post synaptic membrane D) synaptic vesicles, are released into the synapse E) dendrites, are deactivated and broken down in the axon of the neuron

44. At dinner last night, Juan couldn't decide whether to order the chicken or the steak. Everyone else at the table ordered steak, and commented that you really couldn't trust how the chicken was done at this restaurant. Juan ordered the steak. Most likely, this reflects A) informational social influence B) normative social influence C) obedience D) compliance E) stereotypes

43. I tell you 3 numbers and then ask you to count backwards by fours before asking you to recall the 3 numbers. What am I trying to demonstrate? A) proactive interference B) retroactive interference C) iconic interference D) release from interference E) limitations of LTM

35. Master tobacco blenders learn their job by looking at, smelling and sampling hundreds of different tobacco mixtures while trying to discern smaller and smaller differences in their appearance, flavours and aromas. This is an example of A) second-order conditioning B) latent learning C) generalization D) discrimination training E) chaining