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17 Mar 2018

25. Now suppose that the government alters its policy so that the $30 per unit tax is now placed on the sellers of widgets instead of on the buyers. Economic theory tells us the following: A) the buyers' share and the sellers share are reversed by the change in policy B) the buyers' share and the sellers' share are not affected by the change in policy C) the shares are affected by the change in policy, but exactly how depends on the elasticities D) the shares are affected by the change in policy, but exactly how depends on excess demand E) the shares are affected by the change in policy, but exactly how depends on excess supply F) the shares are affected by the change in policy, but exactly how depends on utility G) none of the above

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Reid Wolff
Reid WolffLv2
19 Mar 2018
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Related questions

(Karloff) Consider the following market for used cars. There are many sellers of used cars. Each seller has exactly one used car to sell and is characterized by the quality of the used car he wishes to sell. Let θ ∈ [0, 1] index the quality of a used car and assume that θ is uniformly distributed on [0, 1]. If a seller of type θ sells his car (of quality θ) for a price of p, his utility is us (p,θ). If he does not sell his car, then his utility is 0. Buyers of used cars receive utility θ − p if they buy a car of quality θ at price p and receive utility 0 if they do not purchase a car. There is asymmetric information regarding the quality of used cars. Sellers know the quality of the car they are selling, but buyers do not know its quality. Assume that there are not enough cars to supply all potential buyers.

(a) Argue that in a competitive equilibrium under asymmetric information, we must have E(θ | p) = p

(b) Show that if us (p,θ) = p − θ/2, then every p ∈ (0, 1/2] is an equilibrium price.

(c) Find the equilibrium price when us (p,θ) = p − √θ. Describe the equilibrium in words. In particular, which cars are traded in equilibrium? (d) Find an equilibrium price when us (p,θ) = p − θ 3. How many equilibrium are there in this case? (e) Are any of the preceding outcomes Pareto efficient? Describe Pareto improvements whenever possible.

1. When markets fail, public policy can

a. do nothing to improve the situation

b. potentially remedy the problem and increase economic efficiency

c. always remedy the problem and increase economic efficiency

d. In theory, remedy the problem, but in practice, public policy has proven to be ineffective

 

2. An important factor in the decline of the US textile industry ever the past 100 or so years is

a. foreign competitors that can produce quality textile goods at low cost.

b. lower prices of goods that are substitutes for clothing

c. a decrease in Americans' demand for clothing, due to increased income and the fact that clothing is an inferior

d. the fact that the minimum wage in the US has failed to keep pace with the cost of living

 

3. Patterns of trade among nations are primarily determined by

a. cultural considerations.

b.  political considerations

c. comparative advantage

d. differences in the income elasticity of demand among nations

 

4. A tax on an imported good is called a

a. quota

b. tariff

c. supply tax

d. trade tax

 

5. A quota is

a. a tax placed on imports.

b. a limit on the quantity of imports.

c. a tax on exports to other countries.

d. an excess of exports over imports.

 

6. A common argument in favor of restricting trade

a. concerns the strategy of bargaining.

b. is that efforts should be made to get new industries started.

c. emphasizes the belief that all countries should play by the same rules.

d. All of the above are correct.

 

7. Externalities are

a. side effects passed on to a party other than the buyers and sellers in the market.

b. side effects of government intervention in markets.

c. external forces that cause the price of a good to be higher than it otherwise would be.

d. external forces that help establish equilibrium price.

 

tariffa government tax on imports or exportsMore (Definitions, Synonyms, Translation)

_____ 1. Suppose you make silver jewelry. If the price of silver falls, we would expect you to:

a. be willing and able to produce less jewelry than before at each possible price.

b. be willing and able to produce more jewelry than before at each possible price.

c. face greater demand for your jewelry.

d. face a weaker demand for your jewelry.

_____ 2. If suppliers expect the price of their product to fall in the future, then they will:

a. increase supply (supply curve shifts out) now.

b. decrease supply (supply curve shifts in) now.

c. increase supply in the future, but not now.

d. decrease supply in the future, but not now.

_____ 3. Consider the market for portable air conditioners, initially in equilibrium. When a heatwave strikes, the equilibrium price:

a. increases and equilibrium quantity decreases.

b. decreases, and the equilibrium quantity increases.

c. and quantity both increase.

d. and quantity both decrease.

_____ 4. Buyers can buy all they want to buy and sellers can sell all they want to sell at:

a. prices at and above the equilibrium price.

b. prices at and below the equilibrium price.

c. prices above and below the equilibrium price, but not at the equilibrium price.

d. the equilibrium price, but not at prices above or below the equilibrium price.

_____ 5. The law of supply and demand states that:

a. demand and supply curves shift out as time goes by.

b. the price of a goodwill rise in response to excess demand for that good.

c. when the supply curve for good shifts, the demand curve for that good shifts in response.

d. the equilibrium price of goodwill be rising more often than it will be falling.

_____ 6. If Doritos and Cheetos are substitutes, a rise in the price of Cheetos will cause:

a. the equilibrium quantity of Doritos to fall and the price of Doritos to rise.

b. the equilibrium quantity and price of Doritos to rise.

c. the equilibrium quantity and price of Doritos to fall.

d. the equilibrium quantity of Doritos to rise and the price of Doritos to fall.

_____ 7. New production technology is perfected that allows auto manufacturers to build an automobile using half the labor hours formerly needed. As a result:

a. the equilibrium quantity of automobiles increases and the price decreases.

b. the equilibrium quantity and price of automobiles increase.

c. the equilibrium quantity and price of automobiles decreases.

d. there is likely no change in the number of automobiles produced.

_____ 8. The U.S. government announces that it will raise the interest rate on college student loans beginning in January of next year. The immediate market impact is:

a. the demand curve for student loans shifts out.

b. the supply curve for student loans shifts out.

c. we anticipate that more student loans will be completed next year than this year.

d. all of the above are correct.

_____ 9. What curve shift produces a fall in price and increase in quantity exchanged?

a. An inward shift in the demand curve.

b. An inward shift in the supply curve.

c. An outward shift in the supply curve.

d. An outward shift in the demand curve.

_____ 10. We note that fewer motorcycles were sold this year than last and that the price is also lower. What event could have caused this outcome?

a. A technological change that improved the fuel efficiency of motorcycles.

b. A rise in the wages paid to motorcycle manufacturing workers.

c. A motorcycle craze due to the popularity of Sons of Anarchy.

d. Increasing concerns about health impacts from breathing motorcycle exhaust.

_____ 11. The price that results in quantity supplied equaling quantity demanded is the optimal (best) price because it:

a. maximizes the combined welfare of buyers and sellers.

b. maximizes the cost of the seller.

c. minimizes the expenditure of buyers.

d. all of the above are correct.

_____ 12. Consumer surplus is the:

a. quantity of good consumers get without paying anything.

b. amount a consumer pays minus the amount the consumer is willing to pay.

c. amount a consumer is willing to pay minus the amount the consumer pays.

d. value of a good to a consumer.

_____ 13. In a market, the marginal buyer is the one:

a. whose willingness to pay is higher than all other buyers and potential buyers.

b. whose willingness to pay is lower than all other buyers and potential buyers.

c. who is willing to buy exactly one unit of the good.

d. who would be the first to leave the market if the price were any higher.

_____ 14. If a consumer is willing and able to pay $20 for a particular good and if she actually pays $16 for the good, then her consumer surplus is:

a. $4.

b. $16.

c. $20.

d. $36.

_____ 15. Suppose there is an early freeze in California that reduces the size of the orange crop. What happens to consumer surplus in the market for oranges?

a. Consumer surplus increases.

b. Consumer surplus decreases.

c. Consumer surplus is not affected by this change.

d. We would have to know whether the demand for oranges is elastic or inelastic.

_____ 16. Producer surplus is the area on a supply/demand graph:

a. under the supply curve.

b. between the supply and demand curves.

c. below the price line and above the supply curve.

d. under the demand curve and above the price line.

_____ 17. Economists typically measure economic efficiency using:

a. total producer and consumer surplus.

b. profits to firms.

c. the quantity supplied by sellers.

d. the price paid by buyers.

_____ 18. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Efficiency and equality are both maximized when total surplus is maximized.

b. Efficiency deals with the size of the economic pie; equality with how fairly the pie is sliced.

c. Efficiency is more difficult to evaluate than equality.

d. Equality is judged on positive grounds; efficiency requires normative judgments.

_____ 19. The price elasticity of demand measures how much:

a. quantity demanded a response to changes in price.

b. quantity demanded a response to changes in income.

c. price responds to a change in demand.

d. Both a and c are correct

_____ 20. Goods with many close substitutes tend to have:

a. less elastic demands.

b. more elastic demands.

c. price elasticities of demand that are unit elastic.

d. income elasticities that are negative.

Short Answer Questions:

All of the following questions are based on the data shown here for coffee demand and supply at a fictional Columbus coffee shop called Go-bucks.

Price Quantity Quantity

per Cup Demanded Supplied

$1.60 1,700 1,220

$1.80 1,555 1,300

$2.00 1,400 1,400

$2.20 1,235 1,520

$2.40 1,060 1,660

$2.60 875 1,820

_____ 21. (6 points) Using the mid-point formula, calculate the price elasticity of demand as the price increases from $1.60 to $1.80.

_____ 22. (6 points) Repeat the calculation of the price elasticity of demand, this time for a price increase from $1.80 to $2.00.

_____ 23. (6 points) Repeat the calculation of the price elasticity of demand, this time for a price increase from $2.40 to $2.60.

24. (4 points) Over which price range is demand inelastic? Over which price range is demand elastic? Does this follow the trend noted in class?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____ 25. (6 points) Turning to the supply side, calculate the price elasticity of supply as the price increases from $2.20 to $2.40.

26. (2 points) How would you describe the price elasticity of supply over this range?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

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