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13 Dec 2019

Bridging the Gap 1 Name Acidity, pH, Indicator Paper and Red Cabbage Data and Observations Household substance Cabbage juice indicator color Estimated 1--1 pH using a e 266 Analysis and Conclusions Do you believe the estimated experimental pH values and the table values agree? Remember these are only estimates and are not exact. Justify your answer.

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Number #1, 2,3, and 4

Observations In columns 3 and 4, record the color and intensity seen. In columns 5 and 6, determine if the substance is an acid or a base, and if the substance is ionic. For the last column, determine which chemical species is acting as an acid or base.

Data Table 1: Acids and Bases Acting in Water
Well	Substance	1drop BTB	Plus 1 drop of substance	Acid or base (Q1)	Ionic? Y/N (Q2)	Species acting as acid or base (Q3)
1	NaHCO3
2	CH3COOH
3	HCL
4	Na2CO3
5	H2SO4
6	CH3COONa
7	NaOH
8	HNO3
9	NaHSO4
10	NH3
11	H3PO4
12	NaH2PO4
13	Na2HPO4
14	Na3PO4
15	NaHSO3

Data Table 2: Following Acid/Base neutralization reactions
Well #	1 Drop of Each	Observation	+2 Drops Acid	Observation	+2 Drops Base	Observation
1	BPB + NaOH		HCl		NaOH
2	BPB + NaOH		H2SO4		NaOH
3	BPB + NaOH		CH3COOH		NaOH
4	BPB + NaOH		H3PO4		NaOH
5	BPB + Ca(OH)2		HCl		Ca(OH)2
6	BPB + Ca(OH)2		H2SO4		Ca(OH)2
7	BPB + Ca(OH)2		CH3COOH		Ca(OH)2
8	BPB + Ca(OH)2		H3PO4		Ca(OH)2
9	BPB + NH3		HCl		NH3
10	BPB + NH3		H2SO4		NH3
11	BPB + NH3		CH3COOH		NH3
12	BPB + NH3		H3PO4		NH3

Please note here if any of the other starting materials is other than a clear, colorless solution.

Data Table 3: Investigating Odor as a Means of Indicating Neutralization.
Substance(s)	Odor
2 Drops of HCl in Well #1
1 Drop of Ammonia on Swab
Swab with Ammonia & HCl

Data Table 4: Investigating Evaporation as a Means of Indicating a Neutralization Reaction.
Reaction Mixture	Observation (When Wet)	Observation (When Dry)
HCl + NaOH
CH3COOH + NH3
HNO3 + NaOH

PART 5: Mini-Experiments

1. Use BTB to classify four household products as acidic or basic. Possible substances to test include home cleaning products, glass cleaner, liquid detergent, bleach, soft drinks, liquid from food items, etc. Remember to:

a. Hypothesis (What you think will happen and why) or purpose:

b. Method used to test your hypothesis:

c. Data and Observations Put your data and observations in the space below. You can include pictures that you âdraw.â

d. Conclusions

2. Find one common, highly colored substance that can be used as an acid-base indicator.

Possible substances include fruit/vegetable juice or products, inks, food coloring, flower

petals, etc. If using fresh fruit, veggies, or flowers, crush the substance with a little water or

rubbing alcohol to extract the colored pigments. If red cabbage is available, it makes a superb

acid-base indicator. Then use a few drops of the colored extract as the indicator. Test four

more household products using the freshly made acid-base indicator. Remember to:

a. State a hypothesis or purpose.

b. State the testing method.

c. Use the prepared indicator to test four substances known to be acids or bases from either the LabPaq or home materials and record results.

d. State conclusions in terms of the hypothesis or purpose.

Questions

A. Review the substances used in Part 1. Determine whether each substance contains an acid or a base based on the BTB results. Place answers to this question in column 6 of Data Table 1.

B. Review the responses to Question 3. The anion that is produced in the dissociation of the compound goes on to react with the water. Identify the anion product in each reaction. Place the formulas for these species into column 7 of Data Table 1. If the substance is not ionic and thus does not dissociate, then list the substance in column 7, just as it appears in column 1.

C. For each ionic species in Data Table 1, write the equation showing the dissociation of the compound in water. Hint: thereâs one for each line provided below.

a. NaHCO3 Ã Na

+ HCO3

Review the responses to Question 3. The anion that is produced in the dissociation of the compound goes on to react with the water. Identify the anion product in each reaction. Place the formulas for these species into column 7 of Data Table 1. If the substance is not ionic and thus does not dissociate, then list the substance in column 7, just as it appears in column 1.

D. Write the reaction of each acid or base the substance listed in column 7 with water.

Acids: Bases:

a) HCO - + H-OH Ã H CO

+ OH-

3 2 3

1. What is produced in each and every reaction of an acid with water?

2. What is produced in each and every reaction of a base with water?

E. Review the results in Data Table 2. For each reaction mixture, write the reaction equation describing the acid/base neutralization reaction:

2) 2NaOH + H2SO4 Ã 2H2O + Na2SO4

F. Define the term âneutralizationâ and provide an example of a neutralization equation. List the three ways used in this lab to detected neutralization.

G. Define the term âsalt,â and provide an example.

H. Review Data Table 3. What happened when the two chemicals were mixed? What indicates that conclusion? What reaction took place?

I. Review Data Table 4. What happened when the solution mixtures on the glass slide were heated? Describe the process that took place.

J. In Part 4, for HCl + NaOH, what is left on the slide after heating? Provide the formula. What is the common name of this substance?

1.) average number of moles of NaOH dispensed

2.)average concentration of the acid (mol/L)

3,) Based on your coarse titration volume, do you expect the acetic acid solution to have a higher or lower concentration than the NaOH solution?

higher could you please tell me if number 3 is right

please help with these 2 questions

Part 1: Prepare the NaOH Solution

Lab Results

How many mL of water were used to prepare the NaOH solution?

200mL

Data Analysis

Calculate the molarity of the NaOH solution. The molar mass of NaOH is 39.997 g/mol.

0.1M

Calculate the amount of benzoic acid to be neutralized by 20.00 mL NaOH solution, in both moles and grams. The molar mass of benzoic acid is 122.12 g/mol.

1.207 g

Part 2: Perform a Coarse Titration

Lab Results

Record the following data from your course titration in the table below.

mass of benzoic acid used (g)	0.26614g
pH of benzoic acid solution before titration	2.96
volume of NaOH in the burette before titration (mL)	50.0mL
volume of NaOH in the burette after titration (mL)	28.89mL
volume of NaOH dispensed in the titration (mL)	21.11mL

Data Analysis

How do you expect your coarse titration volume to compare to your fine titration volumes?

I expect the values to be a little off from each other since in the first titration we let out a lot at a time and didnt slowly do the titration. should only be off by a few mL.

Part 3: Perform Fine Titrations

Lab Results

Record the volume of NaOH solution dispensed in the 3 fine titrations.

20 mL dispenced ,20.34mL, 20.30mL

Data Analysis

Calculate the average concentration of the NaOH solution, using the average volume of NaOH solution dispensed in the 3 fine titrations. Report your answer using enough significant figures to distinguish it from the expected concentration of 0.100 M.

V = (V₁ + V₂ + V₃) / 3

V = (20.03 mL + 20.06 mL + 20.02 mL) / 3 = 20.04 mL

M = n / V = 0.00200 moles / 0.02004 L = 0.0998 M

Learning objective: Determine the concentration of a solution.

20.21= ----> 0.0999M

Experiment 2: Use the Standardized NaOH Solution to Determine the Concentration of an Acid

Part 1: Perform a Coarse Titration

Lab Results

What was the pH at the end point of the coarse titration?

3.87ph

Data Analysis

Based on your coarse titration volume, do you expect the acetic acid solution to have a higher or lower concentration than the NaOH solution?

higher

Part 2: Perform Fine Titrations

Lab Results

For the 3 fine titrations of the acid of unknown concentration, fill in the following data.

	Titration #1	Titration #2	Titration #3
volume of acid (mL)	59.11	40.97	40.98
volume of NaOH dispensed (mL)	9.05	9.03	9.02

Data Analysis

Calculate the following quantities and record the data in the table below.

average volume of NaOH solution dispensed (mL)	9.03
average number of moles of NaOH dispensed
average concentration of the acid (mol/L)

Conclusions

Phenolphthalein is pink over the range of pH 8 â 12. Why was it a useful indicator of when the equivalence point was reached?

This was helpful because once I got to the ph of 7 I knew that I would be getting closer to the end point which would change the color to pink.

Suppose a student titrated a sample of monoprotic acid of unknown concentration using a previously standardized solution of NaOH.

volume of 0.125 M NaOH dispensed	24.68 mL
volume of acid solution	50.00 mL

Given the data in the figure above, what is the concentration of the unknown acid?

0.0617M

Lab NOTES:

ex1

Take sodium hydroxide from the Materials shelf and add 0.800 g to the beaker.

Take water from the Materials shelf and add 200 mL to the beaker.

Ph 2.96

inital volume in burett

inital volume 50ml

1.) volume43.78mL

volumes dispenced =6.22ml

2. volume =38.05

volume dispenced =11.95ml

3.)volume = 32.06

volume dispenced=17.94

4.28.89ml

volume dispenced=21.11ml

ph=10.95

--------------------------------------

Ex 2

inital ph= 2.96

volume30.33

dispence 20.05

1. volume 39.92ml

volume dispenced=10.08

2.volume 29.66

voiume dispence 20.34

final ph10.43

initial valume in burett 50ml

--------------------

ex3

final ph9.43

volume 30.28

volume dipenced=20.00

----------------------------------------------------------------------

2nd Ex

initial ph 3.11

volume 50

1. volume 48.95mL

dispenced 1.05mL

ph 3.87

2. volume 45.88

dispenced 4.12

ph 4.67

3 volume 42.99

dispenced 7.01

ph 5.29

4 volume 39.93

dispence 10.07

ph 11.45

--------------------

final ph 9.99

volume 59.11

dispenced 9.05

ph 9.59

volume 40.97

dispenced 9.03

ph 9.50

volume 40.98

9.02

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