101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Nuclear Astrophysics, Visible-Light Astronomy, Radio Astronomy

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kshushant07

27 Mar 2023

School

Banaras Hindu University - BHU

Department

Physics

Course

101

Professor

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Document Summary

In the early 1910s or 1920s, aston observed that the mass of helium was slightly greater than the sum of the masses of its constituent nucleons, which served as a starting point for nuclear astrophysics. Cockcroft performed an experiment using an isolator, which gave a better idea of nuclear reactions. Astronomy involves observing the universe, while astrophysics explains the features of these observations. While astronomy is not directly linked with nuclear astrophysics, it is broadly connected to the subject of nuclear astronomy. The first patent for a telescope was filed in 1608. Astronomy can be divided into three categories: optical astronomy, radio astronomy, and space astronomy. Optical astronomy deals with visible light and is limited by weather conditions that can affect observation times and by the atmosphere, which absorbs most of the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio astronomy deals with long wavelengths (1 mm to 15 mm), which easily pass through earth"s atmosphere and interstellar gas.

Related Questions

Introduction. Telescope time is a valuablecommodity in astronomy, so astronomers plan their observationscarefully. One of the first steps is to choose what type ofobservation to make. Recall that three basic types of astronomicalobservation are imaging (taking a photograph of anobject), spectroscopy (spreading an object's light into aspectrum), and timing (measuring how an object's lightvaries with time).

Part A: Sort each of the astronomical questionsbelow into the appropriate bin based on the type of observation youwould need to perform to answer it.

Three Categories: Imagine, Spectroscopy andTiming

The Questions:

1. "What are the major surface features of Mars?"

2. "What is the temperature of Jupiter's atmosphere?"

3. "Does the star Mira vary in brightness?"

4. "How large is the Andromeda Galaxy?"

5. "What is the chemical composition of the Crab Nebula?"

6. "Is the X-ray emission fro the galactic center steady orchanging?"

7. "Is the star Vega moving toward us or away from us?"

8. "Are stars in the Orion Nebula surrounded by dusty disks ofgas?"

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Introduction: Different telescopes areoptimized for observing different wavelengths of light, so anotherconsideration in planning an observation is deciding what type oftelescope to use.

Part B: Each of the following statementsdescribes an astronomical measurement. Place each measurement intothe appropriate bin based on the type of telescope you would use tomake it.

Three Categories: Infrared Telescope, VisibleLight Telescope and X-Ray Telescope

The Statements:

1. Study a dense cloud of cold gas in space.

2. Measure the brightness of a star that is similar to ourSun.

3. Observe the hot (1-million K) gas in the Sun's corona.

4. Obtain a spectrum of sunlight reflected by Mars.

5. Determine the surface temperature of Venus.

6. Look for high-energy radiation from a supernova.

Thank you so much to whoever helps!

(please explain it as you would to someone who has not taken aastronomy class)

4. Explain how observations of star clusters are used to testtheories of stellar evolution.

What does the technique of interferometry allow?

A) It allows two or more telescopes to obtain a total light-collecting area much larger than the total light-
collecting area of the individual telescopes.

B) It allows two or more telescopes to obtain the angular resolution of a single telescope much larger than any of the individual telescopes.

C) It allows us to determine the chemical composition of stars.

D) It allows astronomers to make astronomical observations without interference from light pollution.

E) It allows the same telescope to make images with both radio waves and visible light.

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101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Nuclear Astrophysics, Visible-Light Astronomy, Radio Astronomy

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