BIOTECHNOLOGY Lecture : Post translational modifications
20 Dec 2022
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Document Summary
Most of the proteins that are translated from mrna undergo chemical modifications before becoming functional in different body cells. The modifications collectively, are known as post-translational modifications. The protein post translational modifications play a crucial role in generating the heterogeneity in proteins and also help in utilizing identical proteins for different cellular functions in different cell types. How a particular protein sequence will act in most of the eukaryotic organisms is regulated by these post translational modifications. Protein post-translational modifications (ptms) increase the functional diversity of the proteome by the covalent addition of functional groups or proteins, proteolytic cleavage of regulatory subunits, or degradation of entire proteins. These modifications include phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, nitrosylation, methylation, acetylation, lipidation and proteolysis. Based on the addition of chemical groups: phosphorylation, acetylation, hydroxylation, methylation. Based on the addition of complex groups: glycosylation, ampylation, lipidation. Based on the addition of polypeptides: ubiquitination. Based on the cleavage of proteins: proteolysis.
