LIFE 102 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Membrane Potential, Endocytosis, Pinocytosis

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prathod0604

28 Nov 2022

School

CSU

Department

Life Science

Course

LIFE 102

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What kinds of energy are associated with each: kinetic: energy associated with a moving object. Heat: energy associated with moving atoms/ molecules. Light: energy associated with moving photons: potential: energy associated with the location or structure of an object. Energy stored in the bonds of molecules. Potential energy transforms into kinetic: describe in your own words the 1st & 2nd laws of thermodynamics and how they relate to. Biology: 1st law: energy cannot be created or destroyed. Ex: in cells, the energy can leave the cell system but is still in the universe: 2nd law: entropy(disorder) is always increasing. Gibbs free energy- refers to usable energy. Positive: non-spontaneous, endergonic because energy is needed. : products have more free energy in the end than reactants will in the beginning. Negative: spontaneous, exergonic because energy is being released. Endergonic reactions (energy needed) are fueled by exergonic reactions (energy released)

Related Questions

Fill in the blank:

In a ___ environment, both animal and plant cells ___ ___ as the water

moves the cell through the process of , Animal cells would die. In plant

cells this process is called plasmolysis, or the plant cells are ___ (shrink) - this is when

the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall, as excess water goes out of the cell. The cell wall protects

the plan cell from dying right away and they can go back to normal when the concentration of solutes is lowered on

the ___ of the cell. When this happens, the water will move from a ___ solution

towards a ___ solution through the process of ___ ___.

heavyontheprettycollection

Do Enzymes Physically Attach to Their Substrates?

When scientists first began to examine the chemical activities of organisms, no one knew that biochemical reactions were catalyzed by enzymes. The first enzyme was discovered in 1833 by French chemist Anselme Payen. He was studying how beer is made from barley: First, barley is pressed and gently heated so its starches break down into simple two-sugar units; then yeasts convert these units into ethanol. Payen found that the initial breakdown requires a chemical factor that is not alive and that does not seem to be used up during the process-a catalyst. He called this first enzyme diastase (we call it amylase today).

Did this catalyst operate at a distance, increasing the reaction rate all around it, much as raising the temperature of nearby molecules might do? Or did it use physical contact, actually attaching to the molecules whose reaction it catalyzed (its "substrate")?

The answer was discovered in 1903 by French chemist Victor Henri. He saw that the hypothesis that an enzyme physically binds to its substrate makes a clear and testable prediction: In a solution of substrate and enzyme, there must be a maximum reaction rate. When all the enzyme molecules are working full tilt, the reaction simply cannot go any faster, no matter how much more substrate you add to the solution. To test this prediction. Henri carried out the experiment whose results you see in the graph, measuring the reaction rate (V) of diastase at different substrate concentrations (S).

Analysis

1. Making Inferences As S increases, does V increase? If so, in what manner-steadily, or by smaller and smaller amounts? Is there a maximum reaction rate?

2. Drawing Conclusions Does this result provide support for the hypothesis that an enzyme binds physically to its substrate? Explain. If the hypothesis were incorrect, what would you expect the graph to look like?

3. Further Analysis If the smaller amounts by which V increases are strictly the result of fewer unoccupied enzymes being available at higher values of S, then the curve in Henri's experiment should show a pure exponential decline in V-mathematically, meaning a reciprocal plot (1/V versus 1/S) should be a straight line. If some other factor is also at work that reacts differently to substrate concentration, then the reciprocal plot would curve upward or downward. Fill in the reciprocal values in the table to the right, and then plot the values on the lower graph (1/S on the x axis and 1/V on the y axis). Is a reciprocal plot of Henri's data a straight line?

jadadial16

Aim: To Analyze Tyndal Effect, Hardness of Water (Metal), germination and growth of seeds using water from Different source. Sample:
1. RO water
2. RO Waste water
3. Tap water
4. Water collected by washing vegetables and fruits.
5. Water from aquarium (fish tank).

PROCEDURE: Collect samples of water about 100 add 50ml of each sample separately in a
glass tumbler. Add 1 drop of dye to each sample and note the colour change and different
among the colors formed in each glass.
Dip the cloth in the coloued water and dry the cloth to analyse the colour variation
Add soap solution to each sample separately and check lather formation.
Sample Intensity of colour Lather formation using soap
1
2
3
4
5
Intensity of colour- (light, dark, darker)
To analyze Tyndale effect, take samples of water separately in the glass tumbler and place it
again the white background (screen). Now allow the light pass through the glass of water in
such away that is has to fall on to the screen.

Note the variations among the intensity of the light while passing to different samples of water.
To analyze the effect the samples of water on seed germination.
Take samples of water separately in a separate glass tumbler soak the seeds for 8 hours then
keep the seeds on tissue paper separately and sprinkle the sample water to find the effect of
water on germinating seeds.

Germination rate ( Slow, fast, faster)
Draw inference referring to the points given below
Germination of seed requires water with nutrient
Lather formation shows mineral salt in water
Colour variation in water after adding dye shows density of water
Intensity of light shows presence of colloidal particles in water.

Questions:
Which water sample is most suitable of seed germination?
Which water sample contains more mineral salt to increase its hardness?
Which water sample is denser?
Which water sample shows more colloidal particles?

kbr-2007

LIFE 102 Study Guide - Quiz Guide: Membrane Potential, Endocytosis, Pinocytosis

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