Earth Sciences 1089F/G Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Tourmaline, Silicon Dioxide, Disinfectant

6 views13 pages

comments12342

17 Oct 2022

School

Western University

Department

Earth Sciences

Course

Earth Sciences 1089F/G

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Inorganic (non-living: solid, naturally occurring, definite chemical composition, ordered internal structure (crystalline structure) If an atom has less than 8 electrons in its outer most shell, it can bond with other electrons and sort of rapidly steal an electron. They decide to share a pair of electrons between the two. Why minerals are beautiful: minerals and rocks are similar, but not the same, elements - minerals - rocks, minerals, natural, solid, crystalline (ordered internal structure) Answer: if it"s liquid water then no, but. Answer: no, it is considered a fluid (can flow: minerals are made of elements, element: cannot be broken down to other substances by. Innermost shell: hold two electrons: atoms try to have full electron shells, any other shell: holds eight electrons. Cutting and polishing: skill of experienced cutters are important, 3 basic cuts, 1. Cabochon: simple round to oval shaped , used for translucent or opaque stones with bold colours, commonly seen in turquoise or opal.

Related Questions

Part B: True or False?

* Determine if each statement is true (T) or false (F).

12. _______ An element cannot be broken down into simpler chemical substances by any physical or chemical means.

13. _______ If an element is a gas at room temperature, it is likely to be a metal.

14. _______ Elements in the same period of the Periodic Table have varying (different) properties.

15. _______ Hydrogen is a clear, colourless gas that is highly reactive. Based on these properties, Hydrogen is

similar to the Halogens.

16. _______ The element Iodine is a shiny black solid at room temperature. Iodine is thus an example of a metal.

17. _______ Electrical advertising signs made of colourful glowing light tubes are often filled with elements from the

halogen family.

18. _______ John Dalton proposed the idea of indivisible atoms.

19. _______ Experiments by J.J. Thomson showed that atoms contain neutrons.

20. _______ An atom with 16 protons, 16 electrons and 18 neutrons has a mass number of 50.

21. _______ Elements in group 15 of the periodic table all have 15 valence electrons.

22. _______ Chlorine has electrons in 3 energy levels.

23. _______ When copper is added to tin, the alloy bronze is created. Bronze is an example of a compound.

Part B: True or False? (K – 12 marks)

* Determine if each statement is true (T) or false (F).

12. _______ An element cannot be broken down into simpler chemical substances by any physical or chemical means.

13. _______ If an element is a gas at room temperature, it is likely to be a metal.

14. _______ Elements in the same period of the Periodic Table have varying (different) properties.

15. _______ Hydrogen is a clear, colourless gas that is highly reactive. Based on these properties, Hydrogen is

similar to the Halogens.

16. _______ The element Iodine is a shiny black solid at room temperature. Iodine is thus an example of a metal.

17. _______ Electrical advertising signs made of colourful glowing light tubes are often filled with elements from the

halogen family.

18. _______ John Dalton proposed the idea of indivisible atoms.

19. _______ Experiments by J.J. Thomson showed that atoms contain neutrons.

20. _______ An atom with 16 protons, 16 electrons and 18 neutrons has a mass number of 50.

21. _______ Elements in group 15 of the periodic table all have 15 valence electrons.

22. _______ Chlorine has electrons in 3 energy levels.

23. _______ When copper is added to tin, the alloy bronze is created. Bronze is an example of a compound.

Atomic #

Mass #

Standard Atomic

Notation

Family Name

jhonny

1. Which of the following elements would have similar properties to Sulfur?

a. Chlorine b. Argon c. Aluminum d. Oxygen

2. Which element is likely to react violently with water (Hint: think back to the demo you saw!)?

a. Beryllium b. Carbon c. Caesium d. Sulfur

3. Which element is most likely to be a clear, colourless, odourless gas that is unreactive?

a. Fluorine b. Krypton c. Nitrogen d. Hydrogen

4. Which statement is correct?

a. Be is more reactive than Li c. O is more reactive than F

b. Kr is more reactive than Br d. Ra is more reactive than Be

5. Which of the following are true about the Alkaline Earth metals?

a. They all have 2 electrons in their valence shell

b. They are the most reactive group of metals

c. They burn with bright colourful flames, and are used in fireworks

d. All of the above are true

e. Only a. and c. are true

6. Rutherford’s gold foil experiment showed that…

a. electrons do not surround the nucleus in a random cloud, but rather in organized orbitals

b. atoms have a tiny, positively charged nucleus

c. electrons crowd tightly together at an atom’s centre

d. atoms contain neutrons

7. Which determines the identity of an atom?

a. the sum of protons and neutrons c. number of neutrons

b. number of protons in the nucleus d. its driver’s license

8. If an atom has six protons, six electrons, and eight neutrons it must be an isotope of…

a. carbon b. silicon c. oxygen d. magnesium

9. An atom has a mass number of 20 and it contains 10 neutrons. What element must it be?

a. calcium b. neon c. zinc d. More information is needed.

10. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Protons and electrons are located in the nucleus of an atom.

b. All atoms of the element lithium will have 4 neutrons.

c. The energy level closest to the nucleus is the valence shell.

d. Two atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons.

11. Which phrase best describes a group or family in the periodic table?

a. Elements that have the same melting point.

b. Elements that have the same number of electrons in their outermost orbits.

c. Elements in the same group all have the same number of orbitals/energy levels.

d. Elements that are in the same row.

jhonny

5. ______ is the basic unit of all elements of a matter.
6. An atom that contains fewer electrons than protons is said to be _______ charge.
7. A particle that contains more electrons than protons is ______ charge.
8. If an atom contains equal numbers of electrons and protons, the atoms are described as _______.

a. atom b. electrically neutral

c. electron d. negatively

e. neutron f. nucleus

g. positively h. proton

jianwrites47

Earth Sciences 1089F/G Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Tourmaline, Silicon Dioxide, Disinfectant

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

GEOL 1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Pyrite, Calcite, Conchoidal Fracture

Earth Sciences 1022A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Transparency And Translucency, Chemical Substance, Amphibole

GEOL 1001 Chapter : Chapter 3 Outline Format

Related Questions