BIO 360 Chapter Notes - Chapter 18: Glutamine Synthetase, Pyridoxal Phosphate, Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid
Document Summary
Many aquatic vertebrates release ammonia to their environment. Passive diffusion from epithelial cells active transport via gills. Many terrestrial vertebrates + sharks excrete nitrogen in the form of urea. Urea is far less toxic than ammonia urea very high solubility some animals such as birds + reptiles excrete nitrogen as uric acid uric acid soluble. Excretion as paste allows animals to conserve water. Humans + great apes excrete both urea (from amino acids) + uric acid ( from purines) step i removal of amino group. Ammonia is captured by a series of trans am 1 nations. Transamination s allow transfer of an amine to a common metabolite (e. g. , Ct ketoglutarate) + generate a traffickable amino acid (e. g. , glutamate) Transfer of 1 am the to a- ketoglutarate results in synthesis of glutamate. Transfer of 2nd am the results in synthesis of glutamine c. e. g. , glutamine synthetase)
