0009 Study Guide - Digestive Enzyme, Enzyme, Lipase

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areebzahid00

29 Jul 2022

School

Punjabi University

Department

Chemistry

Course

0009

Professor

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Document Summary

Enzymes are proteins that help speed up metabolism, or the chemical reactions in our bodies. They build some substances and break others down. Within a cell, an enzyme is a type of protein. They actually help support life by speeding up the rate of a chemical reaction. Your body"s enzymes aid in the completion of critical tasks. Building muscle, eliminating toxins, and breaking down food particles are just a few of them. The function of an enzyme is determined by its shape. Enzymes can be damaged and changed byheat, disease, or harsh chemical conditions. When this happens, an enzyme ceases to function. This has an impact on the body processes that the enzyme supported. The protein component of an enzyme is known as apoenzyme. A holoenzyme is madeup of the non-protein part cofactor and the protein part apoenzyme. Apoenzymes are important forenzymatic activity because they are responsible for enzyme substrate specificity.

Related Questions

From the following statements select all that are true.

Question 6 options:

A)	All enzymes are proteins.

B)	All proteins are enzymes.

C)	Enzymes in our bodies function as biological catalysts.

D)	Biological catalysts speed up rates of chemical reactions.

E)	If an enzyme slows down a chemical reaction it is called an allosteric inhibitor.

F)	Many inorganic divalent cations like iron (Fe²⁺), zinc (Zn²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) are essential for our survival in part because they function as cofactors that activate enzymes in our bodies.

G)	Enzyme inhibitors retard an enzyme's activity and an inhibitor can be classified as a non competitive inhibitor if its effects on the enzyme's activity can be overcome simply by adding more substrate to the system.

Zinc in its 2+ oxidation state is an essential metal ion for life. Zn²⁺ is found bound to many proteins that are involved in biological processes, but unfortunately Zn²⁺ is hard to detect by common chemical methods. Therefore, scientists who are interested in studying Zn²⁺-containing proteins frequently substitute Cd²⁺ for Zn²⁺, since Cd²⁺ is easier to detect. (a) On the basis of the properties of the elements and ions discussed in this chapter and their positions in the periodic table, describe the pros and cons of using Cd²⁺ as a Zn²⁺ substitute. (b) Proteins that speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions are called enzymes. Many enzymes are required for proper metabolic reactions in the body. One problem with using Cd²⁺ to replace Zn²⁺ in enzymes is that Cd²⁺ substitution can decrease or even eliminate enzymatic activity. Can you suggest a different metal ion that might replace Zn²⁺ in enzymes instead of Cd²⁺? Justify your answer.

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26. An enzymatic reaction proceeds with maximal velocity (Vmax) when A. the enzyme is in excess of the substrate. B. allosteric activators are present. the reaction is proportional to substrate concentration. D. the substrate concentration exceeds that of a noncompetitive inhibitor. E. the enzyme is saturated with substrate 27- An enzymatic reaction proceeds with maximal velocity (Vmax) when A. the substrate concentration is equal to that of a competitive inhibitor B. allosteric effectors are present. C. the enzyme substrate complex is maximal. D. the substrate concentration exceeds that of a noncompetitive inhibitor. E. all of the substrate is bound to the enzyme. 28. An enzyme affects the rate of a chemical reaction by A. decreasing the free energy change of the reaction. B. increasing the free energy change of the reaction. C. lowering the energy of activation of the reaction. D. displacing the equilibrium constant. E. raising the energy of activation of the reaction. 29. Which statement is CORRECT? A. Enzymes are small molecules that are heat stable. B. Enzymes affect rates of reactions in the forward and reverse direction. C. Enzymes will determine whether a reaction will take place. D. Enzymes are permanently altered following the conversion of substrate to product. 30. Which of the following statements is TRUE? Enzyme catalysis of a chemical reaction: A. increases the energy of the transition state. B. decreases the change in free energy of the reaction. C. increases the change in free energy of the reaction. D. decreases the change in the free energy of activation. 31. Which of the following statements about enzyme substrate complexes is TRUE? A. At high substrate concentration the rate of the reaction is first order. B. The enzyme concentration is higher than the substrate concentration under physiological conditions. C. Alteration in the conformation of the enzyme may occur when substrate binds. D. Increase in enzyme concentration does not affect the rate of the reaction. 32. All of the following statements about enzymes are correct EXCEPT A. enzymes are usually protein in nature and cause reactions to occur B. enzymes form complexes with substrates and products C. enzymes affect the rate of reactions and are not permanently altered during a reaction D enzymes can undergo structural modification during a reaction E. enzyme specificity requires specific functional groups on the enzyme and substrate

0009 Study Guide - Digestive Enzyme, Enzyme, Lipase

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