ECO 271 Lecture Notes - Ceteris Paribus, Profit Maximization, Demand Curve

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Income effect price down, increase purchasing power: substitution effect price of good up, buy more of its substitutes. Law of supply there"s a direct relationship between the price of a good and quantity sellers are willing to offer, ceteris paribus as price increases, quantity supplied increases. Non-price determinant of supply: number of sellers, technology, resource prices, taxes and subsidies. Subsidy increases supply: expectations, prices of other goods that firms can produce. Assumption: motivation for business decisions is profit maximization. Profit maximization best explains why firms do what they do. Why they a particular price and output. Explicit costs payments to non-owners of a firm for their resources. Implicit costs opportunity costs of using resources that a firm owes. Economic profit: tr total explicit total implicit costs. Normal profit: minimum profit needed to keep a firm in operation = 0 economic profit in long run. Distinction depends on the ability to vary the quantity of inputs or resources used in production.

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