MLS 2A Study Guide - Robertsonian Translocation, Chorionic Villi, Chromosomal Translocation

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ceelgee

28 May 2022

School

University of San Agustin

Department

Biology

Course

MLS 2A

Professor

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Document Summary

Before we ready ourselves for the next discussion, let s have a little activity to review what we have learned about chromosomes. Kindly follow the instructions given on our neo class. Research on the following questions and explain your answers in a briefly manner. The file should not exceed 2 pages for your answers: distinguish among a euploid, aneuploid, and polyploidy cell. Euploid somatic cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes, 22 of which are somatic and 1 of sex chromosomes thus indicates the normality of the cell. Aneuploid cells have extra or missing chromosomes because of nondisjunction during the meiosis or mitosis. About 10% of the cell-free fetal dna in maternal blood came mainly from apoptotic trophoblastic cells and fetal cells existed in the form of small fragments. The cell-free fetal dna accounted for 3-6% of total dna in maternal plasma.

Related Questions

1. please answer parts A-D! super confused please EXPLAIN and cite!!!

(a) Are chromosomal rearrangements (translocations, insertions, deletions, duplications) common in evolution?

(b) Are they well tolerated or do they often have adverse effects?

(c) Research (give citation) and give an example in humans where a chromosomal rearrangement or duplication (polyploidy or aneuploidy) is tolerated that occurs frequently in the population. i.e. trisomy 18 (3 chromosome 18s)

(d) In livestock and companion animals, somatic cells are diploid. Research and name an animal where somatic cells are NOT diploid (polyploid or aneuploid). Also identify how many copies of each chromosome IS present in each somatic cell.

why are many polyploids sterile?

a. sister chromatids do not seperate correctly in meiosis2
b. extra sets of chromosomes segregate in meiosis, leading toaneuploid gametes
c. these cells are too big to fuse correctly duringfertilization
d. extra sets of chromosomes do not recombine correctly in meiosis1
e. extra sets of chromosomes do not line up correctly in meiosis1

turquoiseserval502

-Complete the following sentences: metaphase of mitosis, prophase II of meiosis, crossing over, anaphase I of meiosis, variable, random fertilization, identical, random orientation, metaphase I of meiosis, prophase I of meiosis, metaphase II of meiosis, reduction division

Two processes that occur during meiosis produce genetically ____________ cells.

In a process called ____________ , paired homologous chromosomes align randomly at the cell equator. This occurs during this stage of cell division: ____________ .

In a process called ____________ , genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes. This occurs during this stage of cell division: ____________ .

-Complete the following paragraph to describe nondisjunction and the resulting effects on chromosome number.

words: euploidy, primary nondisjunction, nomal, nondisjunction, secondary nondisjunction, homologous chromosomes, abnormal, trisomy, monosomy, sister chromatids, aneuploid

1.During meiosis I, ____________ separate and move towards opposite ends of the poles.

2.During meiosis II, ____________ separate and move towards opposite ends of the poles.

3.During meiosis I, if both members of a homologous pair go into the same daughter cell, ____________ is said to occur and no normal gametes are produced.

4.During meiosis II, if the sister chromatids fail to separate and both daughter chromosomes go into the same gamete, ____________ is said to occur. Half the gametes are aneuploid while the other half are euploid.

5.If an egg that contains 24 chromosomes instead of 23 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm, ____________ is said to have occurred.

6.If an egg that contains 22 chromosomes instead of 23 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm, ____________ is said to have occurred.

MLS 2A Study Guide - Robertsonian Translocation, Chorionic Villi, Chromosomal Translocation

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