PHRM 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, Hypromellose, Surfactant

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taupellama876

17 Jan 2022

School

UBC

Department

Pharmacy

Course

PHRM 100

Professor

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Document Summary

Hard gelatin capsules consist of two sections, one slipping over the other. Soft gelatin capsules are more flexible, plasticized gelatin film. Many patients find them easier to swallow. Powder- filled hard capsules allow more flexibility in dosing. Allow filling of various combo of diverse systems. Fast disintegration within gi tract (esophageal or gastric irritation, highly potent compounds) Gelatin (or starch, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose): mixture of peptides and proteins of partially hydrolyzed collagen. Collagen is hydrolyzed and heat-denatured, breaking apart: cross- linking between adjacent triple helices and bonds within peptide chains. Gelatin powder is heterogenous mixture of proteins and peptides. Insoluble in cold water (a semisolid hydrocolloid gel forms: soluble in gastric fluid, warm water, most polar solvents. Not for aqueous liquids (due to risk of leakage) A. binders b. disintegrants c. diluents d. glidants e. lubricants. Soft, globular, gelatin shell that is a little thicker than that of hard gelatin capsules.

Related Questions

Mr and Mrs Spin operate a Ferris Wheel at various shows and carnivals. A passenger sits in a capsule and enjoys the ride and views. Below is a diagram showing their magnificent wheel:
Passengers embark and disembark the capsule from the platform (a maximum of 6 passengers are allowed at any given time). The time for a passenger to enter the capsule and return to the platform is 6x minutes. The process repeats until the final passenger(s) embark at no later than 10 pm each evening. The Ferris Wheel runs in an anti-clockwise direction. The height h, in metres, from the ground to a capsule, is measured from the ground to the ball on top of any capsule. It is modelled by 𝒉(𝒕) = 𝒂 − 𝐛cos (𝝅/ 𝟑) A passenger pays 3y dollars for a ride on the wheel. The variables a, b, x and y are as follows:  a is equal to 14 (i.e. a=14)  b is equal to the last digit of your student id plus 2 (e.g. if your id is 4567891 then b=3).  x is equal to the third digit of your id plus 3 (e.g. if your id is 4567891 when x=9).  y is equal to the month that you are born plus 6 (e.g. if you are born in July then y=13). Mr and Mrs Spin would like you to do the following mathematical analysis and present the results in a report for their consumption.
Task 1:
What are the minimum and maximum height of a capsule on the Ferris Wheel?
Task 2:
Determine the heights of each of the capsules on the Ferris Wheel while passengers either embark or disembark a capsule. Present these heights in table form, with appropriate labelling.
Task 3:
Determine the time when the final passenger(s) will disembark the capsule and the Ferris Wheel cease for the evening (remember that the final passengers will embark no later than 10 pm). Note, it is possible that the final passenger(s) may embark the capsule prior to 10 pm, so the answer to this task may not be 10 pm + 6x.

Task 4:
Evaluate the number of capsules that will have a passenger(s) embark for any day, given the Ferris Wheel will commence at 4 pm and the time for passenger(s) to embark and disembark is considered negligible.
Task 5:
On average, 4.8 passengers, on any given day, will embark on a capsule each time. Given the answer to Task 4, find the total number of passengers, on average, that will take a ride on the Ferris Wheel in a day.
Task 6:
Given the answers to Tasks 4 and 5, determine the total ticket sales made on a given day.
Task 7:
Create a set of equations to determine:
1. The number of capsules on a given day could be filled with passengers.
2. The total number of passengers on any given day, for an average.
3. The total ticket sales for any given day, based on the number of capsules per day and an average number of passengers per capsule.
Task 8:
Create a schedule (in table form) for total ticket sales for a day, given average passengers between 4 and 6 inclusive and in increments of 0.2 (i.e. 4, 4.2, 4.4, 4.6, etc.) per capsule.
Task 9:
Report these results in a document for Mr and Mrs Spin. An appendix should show all working out for each of the tasks. This document is electronic in format and no handwriting is acceptable.

ochredinosaur493

The information given below comes from an ad for a genuine product that you can purchase, use your understanding of carbohydrate digestion and metabolism to write your analysis (no more than 150 words) concerning the veracity of the content of this ad. You may want to dig up some additional background material to support your arguments, but if so note that Wikipedia does not count

Carbo Grabbers with Chromium (60 Capsules)
Stock Number: 3070-7

Benefits:
Helps reduce the conversion of some starches to calories.
May help reduce available calories.
Minimizes the need to entirely avoid certain favored foods.
Helps the bodyâs efforts to maintain blood sugar levels already within the normal range.

How It Works:
Carbo Grabbers contains an amylase inhibitor derived from northern white kidney beans, which may help reduce the calories available to your body. It naturally and safely interferes with the digestion of starchy carbohydrates. Because the enzymatic breakdown of some dietary starch may be inhibited, these undigested starches can be carried through the intestinal tract where the body can eliminate them. This makes avoiding carbohydratesâa common practice among some dietersâa thing of the past!
We added 18 mg of patented, food-bound chromium per serving. Chromium helps transport glucose from the blood into the cells. This means Carbo Grabbers provides additional help toward maintaining blood sugar levels already within the normal range. Chromium may also have a positive effect on blood fat levels.

Ingredients:
18 mg chromium (15% of Daily Value) and white kidney bean extract.

Recommended Use:
Take 1â2 capsules up to three times daily before eating foods high in carbohydrates. Do not take in combination with digestive enzymes that contain proteases.

A major route of elimination of siRNA from the bloodstream is through kidney filtration. As naked siRNA can pass through the glomerular filtration barrier99, many delivery systems prevent renal clearance by encapsulating siRNA into particles larger than ~20nm17. It should be noted that several highly efficacious delivery systems, including Dynamic PolyConjugates (DPCs)100 and triantennary N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) conjugates101, are smaller than this cutoff, which probably reflects the fact that these delivery systems mainly deliver their payloads in the first pass through the liver. Some nanoparticulate systems undergo disassembly in the glomerulus102,103. Interaction with the negatively charged glomerular basement membrane can disrupt the electrostatic interactions that are essential to the stability of certain particles, which causes disassembly and passage of siRNA into urine102,10

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lemonworm167

PHRM 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, Hypromellose, Surfactant

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