BIO152H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Introduced Species, Koelreuteria Paniculata, Biogeography

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maddy734462

17 Oct 2021

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UTM

Department

Biology

Course

BIO152H5

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Document Summary

Lecture 13: natural selection: part b (ch 22) Homo like, resembling (homology: similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry) Geo the earth (biogeography: the scientific study of the past and present distribution of species) Paleo ancient (paleontology: the scientific study of fossils) Vestigi trace (vestigial structure: a feature of an organism that is a historical remnant of a structure that served a function in the organism"s ancestors) End within (endemic: referring to a species that is confined to a specific geographic area) Concept 22. 3: evolution is supported by an overwhelming amount of scientific evidence. New discoveries continue to fill the gaps identified by darwin in the origin of species. There are four types of data that document the pattern of evolution: direct observations, homology, the fossil record, biogeography. Two examples provide evidence for natural selection: the natural selection in response to introduced plant species, the evolution of drug-resistant bacteria. Natural selection in response to introduced plant species.

Related Questions

Classify each example into the correct evolutionary evidencecatogory

Can you check my answers

Biogeography	Anatomy	Molecular comparisons	Development
Distribution of fossils on five continent	Homologous structures of vertebrate forelimbs	Similarties in DNA sequences	Similarities in the embryo stage of specied
Distinct species on either side of Wallace's line	Vestigial structures	Amino Acid sequence differences between two spe

pinkporpoise634

An African monkey has a DNA sequence that is 96.66% similar to a human sequence. According to the molecular clock, about how long ago did the common ancestor for African monkeys and humans live?

2.5â3 million years ago

5â6 million years ago

13â16 million years ago

17â20 million years ago

Humans and chimpanzees have a common ancestor that lived approximately 5 million years ago. Scientists have amassed an impressive collection of fossils for ancestors to modern humans and placed these ancestors in chronological order to observe the changes that occurred as these organisms evolved more human-like characteristics. Which lines of evidence provide the basis for stating that humans and chimps have a common ancestor that lived approximately 5 million years ago?

homologous structures in humans and chimps

DNA sequence similarity

changes in bone structure

vestigial structures in humans

Which description applies to a vestigial structure or trait?

It is the result of convergent evolution.

It represents evidence supporting the common descent and separate types models for modern organisms.

It did not have a necessary function in more ancestral organisms, but it does in more evolved organisms.

It is a type of homologous trait that is found in diverse organisms.

Which organisms are most closely related?

Bears and raccoons, which are both in the order Carnivora

Cougar and lynx, which are both in the family Felidae

Bread molds and yeast, which are both in the kingdom Fungi

Woodpeckers and warblers, which are both In the class Aves

1.Give anexample of each of the following;

a.Vestigial structureâ

b.Homologous structureâ

c.Homoplastic structureâ

2.What is natural selection andwhat are Darwinâs mechanisms for natural selection? Be specific andthorough.

3.How do the following differ:directional selection, stabilizing selection, and disruptiveselection?

4.Pick one of thefollowing and thoroughly explain: gene flow,founderâseffect, genetic bottleneck, or naturalselection.

5.If a population of 1000individuals has 160aa genotypes, 480Aagenotypes, and360 AA genotypes, the allelefrequency of the dominant allele (A) is:

6. Fill inthe table.

Category	Contributes to EvolutionaryChanges (yes or no)
Naturalselection
GeneFlow
Neutralvariations
Random mating
Mutation
Geneticdrift

7. Fill inthe table with the reproductive isolating mechanisms beingdescribed:

Reproductive IsolatingMechanism	How It Works
	Similar species have structuraldifferences in their reproductive organs.
	Interspecific hybrid dies atearly stage of embryonic development
	Gametes of similar species arechemically incompatible.
	Offspring of interspecifichybrid are unable to reproduce.
	Similar species reproduce atdifferent times.
	Interspecific hybrid survivesto adulthood but is unable to reproduce successfully
	Similar species havedistinctive courtship behaviors.