BIOL 1105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Anthropocene, Geologic Time Scale, Genetic Drift
Document Summary
Mapping genomes: haemophilus influenzae, a bacterial genome, was sequenced in mid-1990s, sequencing of the human genome began in 1990 and was completed in 2003. Genetic maps provide relative locations of genes: determined by recombination frequency, first knowledge about genomes came from constructing genetic maps. Physical maps: chromosome banding and fluorescence in sito hybridization (fish) Large scale physical maps low resolution: fish dna probes with fluorescent labels hybridize at the site of a specific gene of the chromosome. Dna nucleotide sequences are physical maps: two methods of sequencing dna, manual enzymatic sequencing. Physical maps can be correlated with genetic maps: knowledge obtained from genetic maps can be used to annotate physical maps. Two methods for whole genome sequencing: clone-by-clone method, large dna clones are first isolated. Development is the process by which the single cell of a fertilized egg becomes a fully-formed adult. Comprised of four main processes: cell division, differentiation, pattern formation, morphogenesis.
