BIO 325 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Anophthalmia, Hypertrichosis, Mutation

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29 May 2018

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Homologous Recombination – Cross Over

• Homologous Recombination – an exchange that occurs at equivalent position along 2

homologous chromosomes

o Cross oer happes etee hoologous hroosoes durig eiosis I

• Heteroduplex – as a result of homologous recombination, recombinant chromosome

otais heteroduplex regio; hrid DNA doule heli

• Step 1: double strand break in one chromatid

• Step 2: exoncluease chews back one strand

• Step 3: strand invasion

• “tep 4: foratio of 2 holliday jutios

o If o ross over; step 4: strad displaeet y atirossover heliase

o Heteroduplex can be formed without cross over

o Holliday Junctions – structures made from 4 DNA strands

• Step 5: branch migration

• Step 6: resolution of Holliday junctions; resolvase

Consequences of Heteroduplex

• DNA repair enzymes eliminate mismatches

• Either allele can be converted

• Gene Conversion – the formation of heteroduplex during meiosis can result deviations

fro epeted : segregatio or : ratio is ko as gee oersio or the

nonreciprocal genetic exchange between 2 closely linked genes

o Gene conversion happens at both crossover and no crossover pathways

o Normal (Aa x aa) = ½ A and ½ a

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_____________ are physical microscopicevidence of crossing over.

e. DNA double strand breaks

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In a 3 point cross, the recombinantphenotypes corresponding to ___________ are the leastfrequent.

Select one:

a. single crossover events

b. F2 recombinants

c. double crossover events

d. parental recombinants

e. F1 recombinants

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You perform a tetrad analysis experiment inNeurospora to determine the position of a single gene (z) relativeto the centromere. You obtained the following numbers of tetradsordered from the top of the ascus to the bottom. What is the mapdistance between the z gene and the centromere in map units? 379 z+z+ z+ z+ z z z z 421 z z z z z+ z+ z+ z+ 65 z z z+ z+ z z z+ z+ 35z+ z+ z z z+ z+ z z 54 z+ z+ z z z z z+ z+ 46 z z z+ z+ z+ z+ z z(Note: if the genotypes don't align well in the online assignment,see the PDF that was uploaded as well)

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Injection of mice with Streptococcuspneumoniae that grow as smooth colonies in culture results in_________.

Select one:

a. none of the other answers

b. chronic pneumonia

c. no phenotype

d. embryonic lethality

e. death of the mice

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The transforming principle studied by Avery,MacLeod, and McCarty could be destroyed or removed by_________.

Select one:

a. protease

b. DNase.

c. ultracentrifugation

d. RNase

e. shear forces.

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The Hershey-Chase Waring blender experimentdetermined that _________________________.

Select one:

a. bacteriophage replicate by semi-conservativeDNA synthesis.

b. all of the other answers are correct.

c. bacteriophage integrate into the hostgenome, becoming insensitive to external shear forces.

d. radiolabelled bacteriophage DNA enters hostcells during infection but that radiolabelled proteins do not

e. bacteriophage are made up of roughly equalamounts of protein and DNA using radioactive sulphur andphosphorous.

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All DNA polymerases synthesyze DNA in a__________.

Select one:

a. N-terminal to C-terminal direction.

b. 5' to 3' direction.

c. nucleus.

d. 3' to 5' direction.

e. C-terminal to N-terminal direction.C-terminal to N-terminal direction.

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Meselson and Stahl used a _______ isotope of____________ to disprove the conservative and dispersive models ofDNA replication.

Select one:

a. heavy, sulphur

b. radioactive, nitrogen

c. heavy, nitrogen

d. radioactive, sulphur

e. radioactive, phosphate

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DNA replication is initiated at________________ of replication.

Select one:

a. semi-conservative sites

b. promoters

c. origins

d. bidirectional sites

e. termination sites

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In bacteria, initiation of DNA replicationrequires ____________________.

Select one:

a. primase to synthesize a short DNAprimer.

b. nuclear DNA binding proteins.

c. a replication fork.

d. a terminal 3'OH group on DNA.

e. primase to synthesize a short RNAprimer.

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DMC1 protein facilitates strand invasionduring _______.

Select one:

a. double strand break repair.

b. resolution of holliday junctions.

c. branch migration.

d. meiotic recombination.

e. mitotic recombination.

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Resolution of holliday junctions in the sameplane results in _______.

Select one:

a. genetic loss.

b. meiotic crossover.

c. failed crossover.

d. homoduplex formation.

e. bidirectional fork migration.

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BIO 325 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Anophthalmia, Hypertrichosis, Mutation

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