BIO 311C Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Histamine, Macrophage, Hemicellulose
Document Summary
Need protection against infections by bacteria, fungi, or viruses and against physical damage along with chemical toxins. Physical barriers: cell wall (nam nag, peptidoglycan) & capsules. Chemical defenses: toxins protein/ chemicals- cholera or anthrax viruses infecting bacteria- bacteriophage- inject genetic material and replicate-> lyse & exit: protection by restriction- methylation system. Bacteria methylate (+ ch3) to own dna and recognize and degrade viral dna. Most of the contain a cell wall: algae, diatoms, and kelp. Physical barrier: mixture of polysaccharide, proteins +/- silica. Chemical defense: toxins micropeptides- non ribosomal info chemicals to communicate with others and modify itself. Physical barrier: cell wall (chitin= nag) + proteins. Chemical defense: antibiotics and other toxic chemicals. Biological defense: make enzymes such as cellulase. Unicellular spores and multicellular with hyphae (roots) Physical barrier: cell wall (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin). Bask (layer of dead cells) secondary cell wall. Chemical defense: toxic chemicals - ex: ricinin, phenolic compounds.
