NUTR 250 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Negative Energy, Brown Adipose Tissue, Caffeine
Document Summary
With short-term fasting we first use ketone bodies for energy. With prolonged fasting we break down body protein and muscle mass. We will have increased levels of blood urea. We will have depletion of sodium and potassium. To get through this we reduce the metabolic rate and increase the nervous system"s use of ketone bodies. With feasting we get the accumulation of fat. Also higher insulin to get rid of glucose. Fat will be stores in adipose tissue which requires little energy. We start with acetyl-coa and make palmitic acid. Inborn errors of metabolism are the absence or malfunction of a specific enzyme inherited from both parents. Phenylketonuria: phenylalanine is not converted to tyrosine. Galactosemia: conversion of galactose to glucose is impaired. Glycogen storage disease: liver cannot convert glycogen to glucose. Energy balance: relationship between energy intake and energy expenditure. Energy equilibrium: calories consumed = energy expended. Positive energy balance: energy intake > energy expenditure.
