BIO 152 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Osmotic Shock, Viscosity, Mitochondrion
Document Summary
Unit 3: delivery of o2 and elimination of co2 mar 9 topic 17 (330898) Mitochondria produce atp for the rest of the cell using carbon-based molecules and oxygen. Some animals that have flat, thin bodies use simple diffusion to obtain oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide. Most animals require systems that couple diffusion with bulk flow to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide waste. Bulk flow is achieved via pressure gradients. Pressure is a measure of the push/collision of one object onto another object. Air is a mix of o2 - 20. 9, n2 - 78. 1, ar - 0. 97, h2o - 1. 28, and co2 - 0. 04 = air - Gases are expressed by their partial pressures (percents) Oxygen doesn"t bulk flow it diffuses (polar ion) Physiological trade-offs - bulk transport is effective, but it costs the animal a lot of energy to use and maintain. Ventilation: contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the lungs, and decreases the pressure.
