HDFS 2950 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Learned Helplessness, Moral Responsibility, Cognitive Development
20 Sep 2016
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Chapter 13: emotional and social development in middle childhood. Industry: developing a sense of competence at useful skills and tasks. Industry combines several developments of middle childhood: positive but realistic self-concept, pride in accomplishment, moral responsibility, cooperative participation with agemates. Inferiority: pessimism and lack of confidence in one"s ability to do things well. Self-concept is refined and organized into stable psychological dispositions. Perspective-taking skills are crucial for developing self-concept based on personality traits. Children form an ideal self that they use to evaluate actual self. Cognitive capacities and feedback from others influence content of self-concept. Perspective-taking skills (ability to distinguish others" viewpoints from one"s own) improve. Content of self-concept depends on culture: asian parents stress harmonious interdependence, western parents emphasize independence and self-assertion. Self-esteem: differentiates and adjusts to more realistic level, becomes hierarchically structured. Four broad self-evaluations: academic competence, social competence, physical/athletic competence, physical appearance. Child-rearing practices: authoritative parenting builds self-esteem, controlling parenting undermines self-esteem.
