KAAP310 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Endocrine System, Cell Membrane, Membrane Potential
13 Feb 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Endocrine System
Chapter 16
Endocrine System: Overview
• Acts with the nervous system to coordinate and integrate activity of body cells
o Reproduction
o Growth and development
o Maintenance of electrolytes, water, and nutrient balance
o Regulates metabolism and energy balance
• Uses hormones to influence metabolic activities
• Responses occur more slowly, but last longer than nervous system
• Endocrinology- study of hormones and endocrine organs
Chemical Messengers of Endocrine System
• Hormones- long-distance chemical signals that travel in the blood or lymph
• Autocrines- chemicals that exert effects on the same cells that secrete them
• Paracrines- chemicals that diffuse to other cells than those that secrete them
o *autocrines and paracrines are local chemical messengers and are not
considered part of the endocrine system
Hormones
• Functions
o Alter plasma membrane permeability of membrane potential by opening or
closing ion channels
o Stimulate synthesis of proteins
o Active or deactivate enzymes
o Begin secretory activity
o Stimulate mitosis
• 2 Classes of Hormones
o Amino acid-based hormones (water-soluble hormones)
▪ Amino acid derivatives, peptides, and proteins (ex: insulin)
▪ Water-soluble hormones cannot enter the target cells
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