COMM350 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Syllogism, Ad Hominem, Slippery Slope
13 Jan 2017
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Reasoning: reasons are not the same as reasoning, good reasoning is the foundation of any speech, two types: Deductive reasoning: deals with certain conclusions, uses specific premises to reach a conclusion, makes use of a syllogism: Major premise: statement of a general fact or truth. Minor premise: a specific instance of the general truth in action. Conclusion: logical result of the major and minor premises. Varieties of syllogisms: categorical: minor premise belongs to a category states in major premise, disjunctive: provide either-or scenarios. C. therefore, q: conditional: proposes if-then scenarios. If john is a bachelor, then he is an unmarried male. C. therefore john is an unmarried male. Inductive reasoning: deals with probabilities, begins with particular pieces of evidence and comes to probable conclusions. Forms of reasoning: cause, example, analogy, sign. Reasoning by cause: claim that one occurrence results in a specific effect, consider if the cause is necessary and sufficient for the effect.
