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BISC403 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: P21, Nuclear Membrane, Mitosis

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School
University of Delaware
Department
Biological Sciences
Course
BISC403
Professor
Olabisi Oyenike

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Document Summary

Lecture xvi the genetics of cancer part 2. 19. 2 the genetic basis of cancers: what is the model/how does it happen, is it a genetic disease. Cancer is generally a disease of old age. Example of ec signal that acts over large distances: tsh produced in pituitary gland, moves through blood to thyroid gland, which expresses thyroxine. Signal transducers relay the signal inside the cell: get growth signal then transcription and translation to get protein that stimulates cell division, transitioning into different phases is due to cell signaling. Ras-mediated signal transduction: gtp bound, ras active, cell proliferation. Because cyclins bind and interact with cdks, they regulate the cell"s progression through the stages of the cell cycle: cyclins activate the cdks; the cdks then act. Cdks interact with cyclins and control the cell cycle by phosphorylating other proteins: cdks family of kinases that regulate the transition from g1 to s and from g2 to.

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Related Questions

QUESTION 1

  1. The first person to describe a carcinogen was:

    a.

    Rudolf Virchow
    b.

    Cladius Regaud
    c.

    Percivall Pott
    d.

    George Papanicolau
    e.

    Sidney Farber

QUESTION 2

  1. Who introduced the test for early detection of cervical cancerin 1942?

    a.

    Rudolf Virchow
    b.

    Cladius Regaud
    c.

    Percivall Pott
    d.

    George Papanicolau
    e.

    Sidney Farber

QUESTION 3

  1. All of the following are TRUE about risk factors for cancerEXCEPT:

    a.

    They cause DNA mutation
    b.

    Some can be avoided
    c.

    Some can be inherited
    d.

    They guide patient management
    e.

    They increase the probability of getting cancer

QUESTION 4

  1. All of the following are proven carcinogens EXCEPT:

    a.

    Tobacco
    b.

    Formaldehyde
    c.

    Soot
    d.

    Saccharin
    e.

    Human papilloma virus

QUESTION 5

  1. Which of the following is true about somatic mutations:

    a.

    They are present in an egg or sperm
    b.

    They can be inherited
    c.

    They can be present in all cells in the individual
    d.

    They can cause cancer family syndrome
    e.

    They cannot be inherited

QUESTION 6

  1. All of the following can be used as a guideline for causalinference of a carcinogen EXCEPT:

    a.

    Strength of association of the exposure with occurrence ofcancer
    b.

    Single correlation study showing exposure with the incidence ofcancer
    c.

    Dose response relation of the exposure and risk of cancer
    d.

    Disease or risk reduction with removal of exposure
    e.

    Biological plausibility of the exposure with the disease

QUESTION 7

  1. All of the following cancers have an infectious causeEXCEPT:

    a.

    Cervical Cancer
    b.

    Stomach Cancer
    c.

    Breast Cancer
    d.

    Liver Cancer
    e.

    Hodgkin lymphoma

QUESTION 8

  1. Medical treatments that cause cancer include all of thefollowing EXCEPT:

    a.

    MOPP chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma
    b.

    Radiation therapy for sarcoma
    c.

    Tamoxifen for chemotherapy
    d.

    Smallpox vaccination
    e.

    Cyclosporine for immunosuppression

QUESTION 9

  1. All of the following are risk factors for breast cancerEXCEPT:

    a.

    Having breast implants
    b.

    Having prior ovarian cancer
    c.

    Having a mother with breast cancer
    d.

    Age
    e.

    Obesity

QUESTION 10

  1. The likelihood of getting cancer from exposure to a carcinogenis related to all of the following EXCEPT:

    a.

    The duration of exposure
    b.

    The geographic location of the exposure
    c.

    The degree of exposure
    d.

    The genetic susceptibility of the exposed person
    e.

    The mode of exposure (e.g., touching it, breathing it,swallowing it, etc).

Jeff (age 38) and John (Jeff's 18 year old son) are seeking theadvice of a genetic counselor after a family member was recentlydiagnosed with Huntington disease, a progressive and fatal nervoussystem disorder that manifests itself when individuals aregenerally between age 30 and age 50. If Jeff has inherited the genefor Huntington disease, then there is a 50% probability that he haspassed along the gene to Jason. Jeff shows no symptoms of thedisease and he prefers not to know whether or not he has the gene.However, John, who recently became engaged to his girlfriend wantsto know whether or not he possesses the gene for Huntingtondisease. If John is found to carry the gene, it means that Jeffalso has the gene. Jeff and John are very close, and John knowsthat he would be unable to conceal his test results from hisfather.

Discussion Questions:

1. Do you believe that John has a right to know whether or nothe carries the Huntington's disease gene despite Jeff's wishes toremain uninformed about his own status? Instead of just stating'yes' or 'no,' be sure to explain your answer.
2. Does Jeff have the right not to know his status?
3. Would you want to know or not know? Why or why not?
4. What are the signs/symptoms and complications of Huntington'sdisease?

As always, post a minimum of three times. Answer the questionsin your first posting and respond to your classmates in your otherpostings.

Related Information: The process of testing for suspectedgenetic defects before administering treatment is called geneticdiagnosis by genetic testing. In some cases in which a geneticdisease is present in an individual’s family, family members may beadvised to undergo genetic testing. For example, mutations in theBRCA genes may increase the likelihood of developing breast andovarian cancers in women and some other cancers in women and men. Awoman with breast cancer can be screened for these mutations. Ifone of the highrisk mutations is found, her female relatives mayalso wish to be screened for that particular mutation, or simply bemore vigilant for the occurrence of cancers. Genetic testing isalso offered for fetuses (or embryos with in vitro fertilization)to determine the presence or absence of disease-causing genes infamilies with specific debilitating diseases