BILD 3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Synapomorphy, Amnion, Homo Naledi
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Ii: shared derived homologies synapomorphies (orange dots) How do you find out which characters are shared, derived homologies (synapomorphies): do outgroup comparisons. Ingroup a group of taxa of interest, likely monophyletic sense) the ingroup, although more distantly related. 1: outgroup one or more taxa assumed to be outside (in a phylogenetic, example lizards are an outgroup to crocodiles, dinosaurs, birds. Why are phylogenies useful/important: they, provide an efficient structure for organizing biodiversity, allow us to develop a conception of the totality of evolutionary history, can help us answer specific questions of how evolutionary changes arose. Upright walking: pelvic bones, the blue part of afr is broad and slanted like chimps, the upper part indicated bipedality. It allows us to walk easier vs. how chimps walk. Selam a. afarensis, 3 years old, dates back 3. 3 million years. Homo habilis: 2. 4 to 1. 4 million years ago, eastern and southern africa, used tools.
