COMM 87 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Standard Error, Statistical Hypothesis Testing

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11 Apr 2018
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T-test : tests (cid:462)hether t(cid:462)o sample means are si(cid:311)ni(cid:310)i(cid:272)antl(cid:468) di(cid:310)(cid:310)erent (cid:310)rom one another (cid:614)same purpose as t(cid:462)o sample z-test(cid:615) Re(cid:272)all h(cid:468)pothesis testin(cid:311) (cid:462)ith t(cid:462)o sample z-test (cid:528). Used z s(cid:272)ores and distri(cid:271)ution o(cid:310) di(cid:310)(cid:310)eren(cid:272)es to (cid:272)ompare means (cid:530). I(cid:310) z s(cid:272)ore e(cid:467)(cid:272)eeds (cid:272)riti(cid:272)al (cid:461)alue, reje(cid:272)t h (cid:527) Stri(cid:272)tl(cid:468) speakin(cid:311), (cid:272)riti(cid:272)al (cid:461)alues o(cid:310) z onl(cid:468) appl(cid:468) i(cid:310) (cid:468)ou ha(cid:461)e a per(cid:310)e(cid:272)tl(cid:468) normal distri(cid:271)ution (cid:614)i. e. i(cid:310) (cid:468)ou ha(cid:461)e an in(cid:310)inite num(cid:271)er o(cid:310) samples(cid:615) Use t-test instead o(cid:310) t(cid:462)o sample z-test (cid:462)hen (cid:272)an"t take in(cid:310)inite num(cid:271)er o(cid:310) samples. The t-test adjusts (cid:310)or smaller sample sizes usin(cid:311) the t-distri(cid:271)ution. As sample size in(cid:272)reases, (cid:272)riti(cid:272)al (cid:461)alues (cid:311)et smaller so it"s easier to reje(cid:272)t null, resultin(cid:311) in more po(cid:462)er ! The lar(cid:311)er the (cid:461)alue o(cid:310) t, the more likel(cid:468) to reje(cid:272)t null (cid:614)i. e. , (cid:310)ind a si(cid:311)ni(cid:310)i(cid:272)ant di(cid:310)(cid:310)eren(cid:272)e(cid:615) What a(cid:310)(cid:310)e(cid:272)ts the (cid:461)alue o(cid:310) t? (cid:528). Standard error o(cid:310) the di(cid:310)(cid:310)eren(cid:272)e (cid:614)s di(cid:310)(cid:310) (cid:615: lar(cid:311)er n more normal dist smaller s di(cid:310)(cid:310) lar(cid:311)er t (cid:529).

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