COMM 87 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Null Hypothesis, Research Question, Standard Deviation

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11 Apr 2018
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One sample z-test : to (cid:272)ompa(cid:409)e one sample mean to population mean (cid:529). T(cid:462)o sample z-test : to (cid:272)ompa(cid:409)e t(cid:462)o sample means to ea(cid:272)h othe(cid:409) Comm (cid:535)(cid:534) students (cid:409)andomly assi(cid:311)ned to (cid:528). Dependent (cid:461)a(cid:409)ia(cid:271)le: e(cid:310)(cid:310)e(cid:272)ti(cid:461)eness o(cid:310) tea(cid:272)hin(cid:311) method (cid:614)measu(cid:409)ed (cid:271)y a test o(cid:310) students" unde(cid:409)standin(cid:311) o(cid:310) statisti(cid:272)al (cid:272)on(cid:272)epts(cid:615) O(cid:271)se(cid:409)(cid:461)ed di(cid:310)(cid:310)e(cid:409)en(cid:272)e: (cid:531)(cid:529) - (cid:530)(cid:535) = (cid:531) Do the inst(cid:409)u(cid:272)tion methods (cid:409)eally di(cid:310)(cid:310)e(cid:409) (cid:310)(cid:409)om one anothe(cid:409)? (cid:614)i. e. does tea(cid:272)hin(cid:311) method make a di(cid:310)(cid:310)e(cid:409)en(cid:272)e in te(cid:409)ms o(cid:310) test s(cid:272)o(cid:409)es? (cid:615) If no : (cid:637)the(cid:409)e is no statisti(cid:272)ally si(cid:311)ni(cid:310)i(cid:272)ant di(cid:310)(cid:310)e(cid:409)en(cid:272)e (cid:271)et(cid:462)een the inst(cid:409)u(cid:272)tion methods(cid:638) If yes : (cid:637)the(cid:409)e is a statisti(cid:272)ally si(cid:311)ni(cid:310)i(cid:272)ant di(cid:310)(cid:310)e(cid:409)en(cid:272)e (cid:271)et(cid:462)een the inst(cid:409)u(cid:272)tion methods(cid:638) (cid:614)no true difference(cid:615) (cid:614)true difference(cid:615) Issue: is o(cid:271)se(cid:409)(cid:461)ed e(cid:461)ent (cid:272)aused (cid:271)y some sou(cid:409)(cid:272)e? (cid:614)e. (cid:311). The manipulation(cid:615) o(cid:409) (cid:271)y samplin(cid:311) e(cid:409)(cid:409)o(cid:409)? (cid:614)i. e. (cid:462)hat is the likelihood that the o(cid:271)se(cid:409)(cid:461)ed di(cid:310)(cid:310)e(cid:409)en(cid:272)e in sample means o(cid:272)(cid:272)u(cid:409)(cid:409)ed just (cid:271)y (cid:409)andom (cid:272)han(cid:272)e? (cid:615) (cid:409)esea(cid:409)(cid:272)h/alte(cid:409)nati(cid:461)e hypothesis (cid:614)h r o(cid:409) h a (cid:615): statement that di(cid:310)(cid:310)e(cid:409)en(cid:272)e is not due to (cid:272)han(cid:272)e samplin(cid:311) e(cid:409)(cid:409)o(cid:409)

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