POL SCI 51A Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Party System, Parliamentary System, Presidential System
19 Oct 2016
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These freedoms and rights rely on state protection. Executive: in charge of carrying out laws. Two distinct roles: head of state. Sometimes conducts international affairs: head of government. Leader of current government leader of the permanent institution of the state. The head of state is not always a monarch. In the us, the president is the head of state and the head of government: legislative branch -- democratic institutions. Some legislatures are bicameral -- there are two groups of elected representatives. Upper house:chosen in a variety of ways. In france, senators are chosen by grand electors, themselves mainly elected officials. In germany members of the bundesrat are appointed by state governments. In the uk lords are hereditary, with some appointed directly by the government. It is not easy with a two party system. The main goal of the legislative branch is to pass laws: judiciary.
