ECON 13 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Marginalism, Opportunity Cost, Macroeconomics

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14 Nov 2018
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Scarcity - a situation in which unlimited wants exceed the limited resources available to fulfill those wants. Economics - the study of the choices people make to attain their goals, given their scarce resources. Economic model - a simplified version of reality used to analyze real-world economic situations. Market - a group of buyers and sellers of a good or service and the institution or arrangement by which they come together to trade. As we study how people make choices and interact in markets, we will see three important ideas: people are rational, people respond to economic incentives, optimal decisions are made at the margin. Marginal analysis - analysis that involves comparing marginal benefits and marginal costs. Marginal cost - the cost of one extra unit. Marginal benefit - the benefit of one extra unit. The economic problem that every society must solve.

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