BIO SCI 98 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Acetyl-Coa, Citric Acid Cycle, Anabolism

1. The TCA cycle has two linked decarboxylation and redox reaction. Write out one of these including the names of the intermediates, explain the reaction in detail.

2. How many NADH molecules are generated from 1 glucose molecules? How many ATP’s are generated from these NADH molecules?

3.What is the total number of ATP’s produced from glucose catabolism? Give the breakdown of this number?

4.Briefly explain the chain of events after NADH is oxidized at the electron transport chain?

5.Explain how an electrochemical gradient ultimately generates the majority of ATP from glucose metabolism/

The reduced nucleotides NADH and FADH are converted to ATP via the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. The most widely accepted values among biochemists are shown.

Each acetyl CoA entering the citric acid cycle produces two CO₂, three NADH, one FADH₂, and one GTP (converted directly to ATP in the cell). Taking into consideration the conversion of reduced nucleotides to ATP, what is the total number of ATP produced by one glucose (2 Acteyl CoA) going through the citric acid cycle?

35. During the complete catabolism of glucose, CO2 is released during ____ (note: Krebs cycle = citric acid cycle)
A. glycolysis only
B. Krebs cycle only
C. Krebs cycle and oxidation of pyruvate
D. oxidation of pyruvate only
E. Krebs cycle, glycolysis and oxidation of pyruvate

36. A reaction center, a primary electron acceptor and many chlorophyll molecules are all components of a/an _________ .
A. fluorescence center
B. photosystem
C. electron transport chain
D. carbon-fixation unit
E. electromagnetic spectrum

37. Which of the following generates the most reducing power?
A. anabolism of isoleucine
B. Calvin cycle
C. glycolysis
D. citric acid cycle
E. Hobbes reactions

38. After completion of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), most of the usable energy from the original glucose molecule is in the form of _____.

A. acetyl CoA
B. ATP
C. NADH
D. CO2
E. FADH2

39. The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in:
A. all membranes of the chloroplast
B. the stroma
C. the matrix
D. the tonoplast membrane
E. thylakoid membranes

40. When chloroplasts are illuminated with white light, chlorophyll primarily absorbs:
A. photons of all wavelengths
B. green light only
C. red light only
D. blue light only
E. red and blue light