BIS 2B Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Punnett Square, Gamete, Zygote

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Mendel"s inference from the results of monohybrid crosses: (pollen/sperm or egg) contains only one factor , but the zygote contains two - the zygote is produced from the fusion of two gametes. These factors are now known as genes . This lead to mendel"s first law of heredity: . When any individual produces gametes, the two copies of a gene separate/segregate so that each gamete only receives on copy. Thus from every parent of the p generation, every individual of the f 1 generation receives one gene copy chosen randomly . The location of a gene on a chromosome is called a locus . Variations of a gene are called alleles . When an individual has two of the same alleles, they are homozygous ( homozygotes ); when. The combination of each pair of alleles for a given gene is an organism"s genotype . The totality of all genes in an organism is the genome.

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