NUTR 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Ketone, Ketone Bodies, Kidney Disease
31 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
NUTR 200 Nutrition for Today 4/16/18
MJ Gunnarson, MS, RD 1
Carbohydrates 3 - Diabetes
Reading:
P 99-105, 108-110
Chapter 5 – What is Diabetes Mellitus? - Just the Blood glucose is tightly regulated section, Diabetes Treatment
and Prevention - Just the paragraphs about Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load
Learning Objectives:
• Explain the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes (why they happen, risk factors for each,
symptoms, treatments, and complications)
Disorders of Blood Glucose Regulation
• diabetes mellitus
• disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) due to wither lack of insulin or
poor insulin responsiveness
Diabetes-related statistics (US 2017)
• prevalence: >30 million people (9.4% population)
• new cases diagnosed/year
--~1.5 million (>18 years old)
→50% in adults 45-64 years old
• costs: $245000000000 per year
→$13000 per year per person with diabetes
• complications associated with diabetes (1 and 2)
--heart disease and stroke (macrovascular disease)
--blindness (retinopathy)
--renal failure (nephropathy)
--nervous system disease (neuropathy)
--amputations
1. Food insecurity and poverty lead to food choices that are convenient and inexpensive
2. Convenient and inexpensive foods are characteristically highly processed, energy dense foods
3. Consuming a diet of highly processed, energy dense foods increase likelihood of becoming obese
4. Obesity can be a precursor for chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease
Type 1 diabetes (juvenile onset diabetes, insulin dependent diabetes)
• juvenile onset diabetes
• insulin dependente diabetes
Cause
• Decreased release of insulin - Results in hyperglycemia
• Autoimmune disorder: body attacks the beta cells
• Genetic link (risk)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
NUTR 200 Nutrition for Today 4/16/18
MJ Gunnarson, MS, RD 2
Symptoms
• Increased thirst, appetite, urination (Polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria)
• Weight loss
--1st choice: glucose
--Different choice: fatty acids
--Minor contribution under normal circumstances
: protein
Ketone bodies: acid
Treatment goals
• Maintain blood glucose levels in the normal range
▪ Prevent complications of diabetes
• Maintain circulating lipid levels (cholesterol and triglycerides) in normal range
• Insulin therapy
• Diet plans
▪ Carbohydrate counting
▪ Exchange lists
• Exercise
Dietary goals
• Carbohydrate
▪ High carbohydrate
▪ Whole grains, fruits, vegetables
▪ Sucrose and sugar containing foods should be eaten in context of a healthy diet
▪ Total carbohydrate content of meal/snack more important than source or type
• Protein
▪ 15-20% of Calories
• Fat
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Just the blood glucose is tightly regulated section, diabetes treatment and prevention - just the paragraphs about glycemic index and glycemic load. Learning objectives: explain the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes (why they happen, risk factors for each, symptoms, treatments, and complications) Disorders of blood glucose regulation: diabetes mellitus, disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) due to wither lack of insulin or poor insulin responsiveness. Diabetes-related statistics (us 2017: prevalence: >30 million people (9. 4% population, new cases diagnosed/year. 50% in adults 45-64 years old costs: per year. per year per person with diabetes complications associated with diabetes (1 and 2) Type 1 diabetes (juvenile onset diabetes, insulin dependent diabetes) juvenile onset diabetes insulin dependente diabetes. Cause: decreased release of insulin - results in hyperglycemia, autoimmune disorder: body attacks the beta cells, genetic link (risk) Symptoms: increased thirst, appetite, urination (polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss.
