BIOL 212 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Chemical Polarity, Covalent Bond, Dissociation Constant
Document Summary
Reactions occur in water @ narrow temp & ph ranges. Many highly regulated & interacting chemical pathways. Production of polymers (arrays of repeated subunits bonded by covalent bonds) Carbon can gain 4 more electrons by participating in 4 covalent bonds. With single bonds - molecules have ability to rotate. Neither atom is weak enough or strong enough to give/take electrons away from one another so they share. Unequal sharing of electrons in covalent bond polar covalent bond. Breaking/making of covalent bond requires large energy changes so it takes an enzyme to break/make covalent bond. Strength = 80-100x greater than surrounding/bombarding thermal energies. Weaker than covalent bonds - easily broken/formed. Longer than covalent bonds (atoms aren"t as close to each other) Note: bond length is a function of bond strength. Rely on attractive forces - no electron sharing. Additive - more noncovalent bonds = more stable the interaction/stronger attraction. 1 - ionic bonds - weak bonds.
