BIO 110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Anabolism, Catabolism, Reactive Oxygen Species
Document Summary
Metabolism - all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell. In pathway, regulating one enzyme is enough for the entire pathway. Typically, first step of pathway is regulated or step with a large negative delta g. Things bind to the enzyme to change its conformation to increase/decrease activity. Metabolic enzymes don"t have simple on/off switch - need to turn it up or down depending on energetic needs. Metabolic enzymes - modified by covalent modification or allosteric modulators. Catabolism - breaking stuff down, releases energy. Anabolism synthetic reductive energy producing (exergonic) energy requiring (endergonic) produces atp, nadh, or fadh2 requires atp or nadph mitochondria or cytoplasm usually cytoplasm. Break down things in mitochondria - produces potentially dangerous products (highly reactive oxygen species) Enzymes can catalyze every step in a reaction pathway. At each step, the molecule is transformed to another form due to the presence of a specific enzyme.
