BMB 208 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Hemiacetal, Mutarotation, Enantiomer
2 Jan 2018
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Document Summary
Carbohydrates: most abundant biomolecules on earth, general functions: Three major classes (levels: monosaccharide- single polyhydroxy aldehyde or hotel units, oligosaccharide- short chain of monosaccharide units, most abundant are disaccharides, sucrose= glucose + fructose, polysaccharides- long polymers of monosaccharides (> 20) Notes: the two basic families of simple sugars are the aldoses and ketoses. Isomeric forms of monosaccharides: anomie"s and enantiomers: monosaccharide rings easily open because they contain a hemiacetal or hemiketal group. Enantiomers: d-glucose has several chiral atoms, so it has an enantiomer known as l-glucose. Disaccharides and the glycosidic linkage: most monosaccharides are found bonded to other compounds monosaccharides or biomolecules, two monosaccharides form a disaccharide in a condensation reaction, the bond formed is known as a glycosidic linkage. March 22, 2017: a glycosidic linkage is the product of the condensation reaction of a hemiacetal and an alcohol. Beta (1-4) glycosidic linkage in cellobiose: cellobiose is a disaccharide with a beta (1-4) glycosidic linkage.
