BMB 401 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide, Thiamine Pyrophosphate, Citric Acid Cycle

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sapphirecat153

3 Jan 2016

School

University of Miami

Department

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Course

BMB 401

Professor

Harris Thomas

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Document Summary

Pyruvate comes in to the: it has five different coenzymes, thiamine pyrophosphate (tpp), Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase. lipoic acid, coa, flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad+) intermediate in the mitochondria from the cytoplasm and acetyl. Pdh complex (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex): it"s a complex that contains three enzymatic activities, which are, nad+ comes from the mitochondria. By calcium released during contraction in skeletal muscle. A tricarboxylic acid that have 6 carbons, which is. Ketoglutarate: alpha-ketoglutarate is a 5 carbon alpha-keto dicarboxylic acid. Adp: what regulates or inhibits the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase? ( a low-energy signal) and calcium. Fad (its coenzyme) is reduced to what when succinate. Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. oxidative decarboxylation. second co2 and a second nadh for the cycle. products which are too much nadh and succinyl coa. Succinate dehydrogenase is the only enzyme of the tca cycle that is embedded where? in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Related Questions

Please Help me with these! I think 55 is D, 57 is A or E...and 64 B or E....I am not sure. Please verify! Thanks!

2. In many cases, cellular signal transduction is mediated by a membrane-associated G-protein complex. Which is not right about this protein complex?

A) The complex is made of Î±-, Î²-, and Î³-subunit.

B) The G_sÎ±-subunit has a GTPase activity.

C) Depending on the receptor types, either G_sÎ±-subunit or G_iÎ±-subunit is used.

D) Signal transduction through G-proteins ultimately regulates protein phosphorylation.

E) None of the above.

3. Which statement is not right about the pyruvate dehydrogenase?

A) This enzyme is located in the mitochondria.

B) This enzyme consists of three different enzymatic subunits (E1, E2, and E3).

C) This enzyme catalyzes the reaction: Pyruvate + CoA + NAD Â® Acetyl-CoA + CO₂ + NADH

D) This enzyme also uses TPP (thiamine pyrophosphate), lipoic acid, and FAD as cofactors.

E) Despite its complexity, this enzyme is not an important regulation point of TCA cycle.

4. To maintain a proper rate of the TCA cycle, oxaloacetate is replenished periodically. To increase [oxaloacetate], ___X____ is turned on but the TCA cycled is turned off by phosphorylation of __Y__.

A) X = Glyoxylate cycle :::::: Y = isocitrate dehydrogenase

B) X = Glyoxylate cycle :::::: Y = isocitrate lyase

C) X = Q cycle :::::: Y = isocitrate dehydrogenase

D) X = Q cycle :::::: Y = isocitrate lyase

E) None of the above.

5. Assume you have three NADH and one FADH₂. Calculate the total numbers of H⁺ pumped into the inter-membrane space and the maximal number of ATP produced inside the matrix.

A) 40 H⁺ and 12 ATP
B) 40 H⁺ and 11 ATP
C) 36 H⁺ and 12 ATP

D) 36 H⁺ and 11 ATP
E) None of the above.

(BIOCHEMISTRY QUESTION)

A. Gluconeogenesis is not just the reverse of glycolysis. Briefly describe one of the steps catalyzed by different enzymes in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.

B. Explain how a biochemist might dicover that a certain enzyme is allosterically regulated.

C. What are the regulatory implications for the cell with regard to ATP & AMP, given the relative concentrations of ATP & AMP in a cell?

D. Describe the function of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in overriding the control of gycolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver cells in response to lowered blood glucose levels.

E. The human disease beriberi is caused by a deficiency of thiamine in the diet. People with severe beriberi have higher than normal levels of pyruvate in their blood & urine. Explain this observation in terms of specific enzymatic reaction(s).

My Responses: Could you tell me if these are correct? If not, could you provide the correct answer and explanation?

A. Its a cellular process in which glucose is produced from pyruvate, amino acids, lactate, and other biogenic precursors.

B. They might learn that an enzyme is allosterically regulated if that protein or enzyme undergoes a conformational change modulated by the binding of one or more modulators/effectors to alternate sites on the protein, resulting in a change in its activity. And they usually have more than one polypeptide chain.

C. The regulatory implications for the cell would be that all activity would increase and concentrations would go up unless bound to PFK-1 and then the overall activity would drop.

D. Low blood glucose is when glucagon signals the liver to produce and release more glucose (gluconeogenesis) and stop consumption. Fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate mediates rapid hormonal regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.

E. Pyruvate is the product of both carbohydrate and amino acid catabolism that enters cellular respiration in the mitochondria when converted to acetyl-CoA catalyzed by the PDH complex. The first step in the PDH complex reaction is a decarboxylation reaction that cannot be catalyzed without the enzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). This coenzyme is a derivative of thiamine or vitamin B1.

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BMB 401 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide, Thiamine Pyrophosphate, Citric Acid Cycle

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