BIO 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Swim Bladder, Eryops, Pulmonary Vein
12 Nov 2017
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Vertebrates: heads anterior skull (made of bone or cartilage) containing a large brain. Contain 3 well developed sensory organs eyes, ears, nose/mouth: endoskeletons supported by vertebrae. Living tissue: internal organs suspended in a coelom. Lungs, livers, kidney, hearts, endocrine glands: circulatory system with a muscular heart. Powers an advanced circulatory system: the deuterostome tree, the vertebrate tree. Closer non-vertebrae relative than tunicates are hagfish. Partial skull that encloses their brain brain without 2 major regions in other vertebrates. Not quite vertebrate-like enough -> they are our sister group. Cyclostomes = lampreys + hagfish hagfish lost their more vertebrate traits: vertebrate groups, fish. Very diverse and numerous (1/2 of vertebrate species) Paired appendages stabilizes + propulsion (fins pectoral pair at shoulder, pelvic pair at hip) -> becomes jointed over time. Internal gills extract water from the area around them. Single loop blood circulation blood pumped to gills -> oxygenated -> to the body.
