BIO 115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Lung Volumes, Functional Residual Capacity, Electronvolt

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tealmammoth179

7 Dec 2020

School

Tunxis Community College

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 115

Professor

Coan

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Document Summary

Pulmonary function 1 & 2: recite the definitions of the main lung volumes and capacities: tlc, frc, rv, fvc, Fev1, msk1a,d: frc (functional residual capacity) = resting lung volume, the volume in the lung at the end of a quiet tidal breath. Spirometry is performed in clinical practice: msk1a,d: spirometry measures maximal flow expiratory rates. Patients inspire maximally to total lung capacity and then forcefully exhale as completely and quickly as possible to residual volume. Left to right here is a restrictive defect, a normal curve, and an obstructive defect: remember here that above the x axis is expiration and below it is inspiration. The normal inspiratory is symmetric and u shaped: flattening suggests inadequate strength, effort, or technique or upper airway obstruction. The normal expiratory is asymmetric: higher expiratory flows are generated at larger lung volumes (elastic recoil is greater and resistance is lower). Expiratory limb of the flow-volume loop is asymmetric: msk1.

Related Questions

PHYSIOLOGY

11. A subject is connected at FRC to a bag containing 2L of 8% He, 92% O₂. He rebreathes from the bag until mixing is complete; at which time the fraction of He is 4.6%. What is the value of FRC?

A. 1.15L

B. 1.48L (can you please explain this answer)

C. 2.48L

D. 3.48L

E. It cannot be calculated from the information given

The minimum time it takes a normal person to go from residual volume (RV) to total lung capacity (TLC) is less than the minimum amount of time to go from TLC to RV. The most probable explanation for this effect is:

A. the chest wall tends to spring outward when the respiratory system is at RV.

B. the chest wall is less compliant at RV.

C. inspiratory muscles are stronger than expiratory muscles.

D. the lungs have less recoil at TLC.

E. the airways tend to collapse during forced expiration. (can you please explain why this is the answer)

Two gases, A and B have the same partial pressure difference across the alveolar capillary barrier. Gas A has a molecular weight of 36 and solubility of 24 while gas B has a molecular weight of 16 and solubility of 2. What is the rate of diffusion of gas A through the barrier compared to gas B?

A. 12:1

B. 8:1 (can you explain why B is the answer?)

C. 6:4

D. 4:1

E. They are the same.

If an individual with a tidal volume of 500 ml and a dead space volume of 100 ml were to exercise and double the CO₂ production, with no change in respiratory rate, what tidal volume would be required to maintain their original P_CO2 of 40 mm Hg?

A. 1200 ml

B. 1100 ml

C. 1000 ml

D. 900 ml (can you explain why the answer is D?)

E. 800 ml

39. What is the total amount of oxygen in the arterial blood (in ml O₂ /100ml blood) of an individual who has P_O2=90mm Hg, P_CO2=40mm Hg, Hb=15g/100ml, hemoglobin saturation = 95%, (solubility coefficient of O₂=0.003 ml O₂/100 ml blood/mm Hg; at saturation Hb binds 1.34 ml O₂/g)

A. (0.95 x 15) + (95 x 0.003)

B. (90 x 1.34 x 15) + (95 x 0.003)

C. ((90 - 40) x 1.34 x 0.95) + (90 x 0.003)

D. (0.95x 1.34 x 15) + (90 x 0.003) (can you explain why the answer is D?)

E. none of the above

pearyak206

1. Match the word 1-39 above, with the descriptions labled a-t. Word 1-39 can be uses only one please!!

1. alveolar macrophages 2. alveoli 3. Bohr effect 4. bronchi 5. bronchiole 6. cerebral cortex 7. chloride shift 8. compliance 9. costal breathing 10. Daltonâs law 11. diaphragmatic breathing 12. epiglottis 13. eupnea 14. expiratory reserve volume 15. fauces 16. functional residual capacity 17. Haldane effect 18. Henryâs law 19. hilum 20. hypothalamus 21. inferior, middle, and superior nasal meatuses 22. inspiratory capacity 23. larynx 24. limbic system 25. medulla oblongata 26. nose 27. paranasal sinuses 28. pharynx 29. pleural membranes 30. pons 31. primary bronchus 32. secondary bronchus 33. surface tension 34. surfactant 35. terminal bronchiole 36. tertiary bronchus 37. total lung capacity 38. trachea 39. vital capacity

a) -------------------- serves as a sound resonating chamber; contains tonsils; directs air inferiorly

b) ------------------- passes air from pharynx into windpipe; site of sound production

c) ------------------ resonate(s) sound; not part of pharynx

D) ------------------ opening from oral cavity into pharynx

E) ----------------- carries air to a segment of a lung

F) -------------------- carries air directly into a respiratory bronchiole

G) ----------------- surround the lungs

H) ------------------ reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange

i) -------------------- actual sites of gas exchange

j) --------------------- normal, quiet breathing

k) ----------------------- shallow breathing using just the external intercostal muscles

l) ------------------ amount of effort required to expand the lungs and chest wall

m) ------------------- tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume, usually about 3600 mL in males

n) ----------------- tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually about 4800 mL in males

o) ------------------- residual volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually about 2400 mL in males

p) -------------------- states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility

q) ---------------- when pH decreases, O₂ saturation of hemoglobin decreases

r) ------------------ each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own partial pressure

s) ------------------- sets basic rhythm of breathing

t) ------------------------ includes the pontine respiratory group

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BIO 115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Lung Volumes, Functional Residual Capacity, Electronvolt

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