BIOL 190 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Cell Membrane, Nuclear Membrane, Kinetochore

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27 Feb 2017

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Ability of organisms to reproduce their own kind- key characteristic of life. Cell division is used for: reproduction of single celled organisms, growth of multicellular organisms from a fertilized egg into an adult, repair and replacement of cells, production of sperm and eggs. Prokaryotes: reduce by binary fission (dividing in half) Chromosomes of prokaryote is typically single circular dna molecules associated with proteins and much smaller than those of eukaryotes. Binary fission occurs in 3 stages: duplication of chromosomes and separation of copies, elongation of cell and movement of the copies, division into 2 daughter cells. Eukaryotic cells are more complex and larger; have more genes; most genes are stored on multiple chromosomes in nucleus. Each eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus. Eukaryotic cells are composed of chromatin: one long dna molecule and proteins that help maintain the chromosome structure and control the activity of its genes.

Related Questions

What type of daughter cells are produced during meiosis?

A. genetically distinct due to crossing over

B. genetically identical to the mother cell

C. genetically identical to each other

D. genetically aneuploids

What is NOT a benefit of asexual reproduction compared to sexual reproduction?

A. The offspring will be as successful in the habitat as the parent.

B. all members of the population can reproduce themselves

C. The only source of variation in the next generation is mutation.

D. They do not require another organism of the opposite sex.

In what phase of meiosis does Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes occur?

A. meiosis I

B. interphase

C. cytokinesis

D. meiosis II

In what phase of meiosis does Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes occur?

A. meiosis I

B. interphase

C. cytokinesis

D. meiosis II

13. Meiosis differs from mitosis in that:
a. meiosis results in the production of two new cells, whilemitosis results in the production for four new
cells., b. meiosis is used for growth and repair, while mitosis isused for production of eggs and sperm., c.
cytokinesis can be unequal following meiosis, but is approximatelyequal following mitosis., d. meiosis
involves one cell division, while mitosis involves two celldivisions., e. meiosis results in the production of
diploid cells, while mitosis results in the production of haploidcells.
14. Bits of maternal and paternal chromosomes are exchanged betweenhomologous chromosomes during
synapsis of meiosis I. This process is called:
a. crossing over., b. random mating., c. random fertilization., d.random shuffling of parental
chromosomes.,
e. mutation.
15. The advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproductionis that:
a. all young are genetically identical to the parent., b. malesmust evolve a copulatory organ., c. genetic
variability in the population is increased., d. females must evolvea vagina., e. mates are not needed.
16. Many different types of information are used to constructphylogenetic trees. Which of the following types
of information is the most direct measure of evolutionaryrelatedness?
a. physiology, b. gene sequence data, c. the fossil record, d.information about the structure of ribosomes.,
e. information about the structure of enzymes
17. A species is:
a. a group of individuals that can interbreed under naturalconditions and produce fertile offspring., b.
denoted by both a genus and a species name., c. the onlybiologically defined taxon., d. a group of
organisms with a large number of traits in common., e. all of theabove.
18. The process of spermatogenesis results in:
A. 4 diploid sperm; B. 1 diploid sperm and 3 haploid polar bodies;C. 1 haploid sperm and 3 haploid
polar bodies; D. 4 haploid sperm
19. Which cell division process results in an unequal division ofthe cytoplasm?
A. Spermatogenesis; B. Testiculargenesis; C. Oogenesis; D. None ofthe above
20. Meiosis is the process by which:
A. 1 diploid cell becomes 4 haploid cells; B. 1 diploid cellbecomes 1 haploid cell and 3 haploid polar
bodies; C. 1 haploid cell becomes 4 diploid cells; D. Both A andB
21. The phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the equator(middle) of the cell is called:
A. Anaphase; B. Telophase; C. Interphase; D. Metaphase
22. Chromosome #6 from Mom and Chromosome #6 from Dad form achromosome pair called:
A. Sister Chromatids; B. Centromeres; C. Homologous Chromosomes; D.Spindle Apparatus

scarlethare433

Question 1

The process by which RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template is â¦

Select one:

a. replication

b. transcription

c. translation

d. inspiration

Question 2

Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not mitosis?

Select one:

a. DNA condenses into chromosomes

b. nuclear envelop disappears

c. homologous chromosomes separate

d. sister chromatids separate

Question 3

Which part of the animal life cycle is haploid?

Select one:

a. gamete

b. zygote

c. sporophyte

d. spore

Question 4

Single celled eukaryotic organisms are â¦

Select one:

a. viruses

b. bacterial

c. archaea

d. protists

Question 5

Which type of cellular division results in the formation of diploid cells from a diploid parent cell?

Select one:

a. mitosis

b. meiosis

c. interphase

d. A and B but not C

e. all of the above

Question 6

A sequence of DNA that codes for a single protein is a â¦

Select one:

a. gene

b. ribosome

c. mRNA

d. none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is characteristic of animals?

Select one:

a. heterotrophic

b. sexual reproduction

c. embryonic development

d. all of the above

Question 8

All genes have only two possible alleles.

Select one:

True

False

Question 9

The presence of membrane-bound organelles is characteristic of â¦

Select one:

a. prokaryotes

b. viruses

c. bacteria

d. eukaryotes

Question 10

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Select one:

a. fatty acids

b. amino acids

c. nucleic acids

d. all of the above

Question 11

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Select one:

a. Mitosis

b. Interphase

c. Meiosis

d. Replicosis

Question 12

Which of the following characteristic is shared among fungi and animals?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. heterotrophic

c. cell walls

d. absorb nutrients

Question 13

A error in DNA replication that goes unrepaired is a â¦

Select one:

a. chromosome

b. chromatid

c. mutation

d. none of the above

Question 14

Alternate forms of a gene are called ________.

Select one:

a. chromatids

b. chromosomes

c. ribosomal subunits

d. alleles

Question 15

The physical expression of a genotype is the phenotype.

Select one:

True

False

Question 16

In complete dominance, a heterozygous genotype results in â¦

Select one:

a. a recessive phenotype

b. a dominant phenotype

c. a third and unique phenotype

d. none of the above

Question 17

Which theory explains the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

Select one:

a. phagocytosis

b. endosymbiosis

c. pinocytosis

d. none of the above

Question 18

Which scientist experimented with plants to describe patterns of inheritance?

Select one:

a. Mendel

b. Chase

c. Einstein

d. Watson

Question 19

Which cellular organelle contains aerobic cellular respiration?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. mitochondria

c. nucleus

d. lysosome

Question 20

Which of the following statements is false?

Select one:

a. Haploid gametes are formed by meiosis

b. Mitosis forms genetically identical daughter cells

c. Mitosis results in the formation of four daughter cells from a single parent cell

d. Mitosis forms diploid daughter cells from a diploid parent cell

Question 21

The first forms of life on Earth were ________.

Select one:

a. plants

b. microorganisms

c. birds

d. dinosaurs

Question 22

Which of the following is used to separate chromosomes during nuclear division?

Select one:

a. cytoskeleton

b. microtubules

c. actin and myosin

d. amoeboid movement

e. all of the above

Question 23

Which generation is most dominant in more primitive plants?

Select one:

a. bryophyte

b. sporophyte

c. gametophyte

d. androphyte

Question 24

Which of the following is characteristic of plants?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. contain chloroplasts

c. multicellular

d. all of the above

Question 25

During which phase of mitosis do chromosome line up along the middle of the cell?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 26

During which phase of mitosis does DNA condense into distinct chromosomes?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 27

The process by which DNA is used as a template to make new DNA is â¦

Select one:

a. translation

b. replication

c. transcription

d. allocation

Question 28

Which of the following is characteristic of plant but not animal cells?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. water vacuole

c. cell wall

d. all of the above

Question 29

Which meiotic division is most like mitosis?

Select one:

a. Meiosis I

b. Meiosis II

c. Meiosis III

d. Meiosis IV

Question 30

Which enzyme catalyzes replication?

Select one:

a. DNA polymerase

b. RNA polymerase

c. Ribosome

d. all of the above

BIOL 190 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Cell Membrane, Nuclear Membrane, Kinetochore

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