BIOL 120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Peptidoglycan, Organic Chemistry, Sulfur
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Unit 2 Organic Chemistry
Organic compounds vs. Inorganic compounds
What makes a compound organic? Inorganic?
Functional groups (phosphate groups, amino groups, carboxyl groups)
Know the structure of each of these groups, and which organic compounds they are found in. You can draw them for your own use.
Hydrolysis
What is it? What is it used for?
Dehydration synthesis
What is it? What is it used for?
Carbohydrates (Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides and examples)
Know the process of joining two monosaccharides together to create a disaccharide.
Be able to give examples of several monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
| Monosaccharide examples (3) | Disaccharide examples (2) | Complex carbohydrates (3) |
Lipids (Saturated vs. Unsaturated; Phospholipids, Steroids)
Define a saturated fatty acid.
Define an unsaturated fatty acid. Draw if it helps.
What process is used to put the fatty acid chain on a glycerol molecule?
Hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic
Define hydrophilic.
What part of the phospholipid is hydrophilic?
Define hydrophobic.
What part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic?
Proteins, types and functions
What is a protein composed of, and what does it do?
Amino acids
Name the three parts of the amino acid that come off the common Carbon.
Identify each of the three parts. (Amino Acid ID game)
Peptide Bonds
How are they formed?
What two parts of each amino acid do they join together?
Enzymes - define.
Levels of Protein structure
Complete the chart below.
| Protein structure level | definition |
| Primary | |
| Secondary | |
| Tertiary | |
| Quarternary |
Protein Denaturation
What is it and how does it happen?
Define what a Solute is.
Define what a solvent is
Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, ATP)
Nucleotide
Name its three parts and be able to identify each of them on a diagram. (Nucleotide ID game)
What are the two possible sugars used in a nucleotide?
Complete the Table below.
| DNA | RNA | ATP | |
| What sugar does it have? | |||
| What nitrogen bases does it have? | |||
| Provide the pairings of the nitrogen bases of each nucleic acid | N/A | ||
| What is its structure? |
Life Chemistry LabReport
- Elements of Living Organisms
- Name the five most abundant elements found in the humanbody.
- Cells organize into tissues which work together to form
- What is the difference between an atom and an element?
- Molecules
- Is glucose an atom or molecule? What are the atoms inglucose?
- How many bonds can oxygen form?
- Is C6H12O6 a molecular orstructural formula? What is the name of this molecule?
- Based on lab, Section II, draw and label a ball and stickrepresentation of a carbon dioxide, water and ethyl alcoholmolecule. Use circles to designate atoms and lines for bonds, thenindicate the chemical symbol for each atom. Sign, date and preparean image of your drawing and include it with this lab report.
- Molecular Make Up of Living Organisms
- Name the four groups of organic molecules.
- _______ are the most abundant organic molecules in livingorganisms.
- Name a polysaccharide, monosaccharide, protein and alipid.
- Go to the lab, Section 3, Exercises 2, 3, 4 and 5 to completethe following table:
Type of Organic Molecule | Reagent | Sample Tested | Positive Color | Negative Color |
Carbohydrate (starch) | Iodine | |||
Sugar | Benedictâs solution | |||
Lipid (fat) | Sudan IV | |||
Protein | Biuret |
- Go to the lab, Section 3, Exercise 6 to locate starch in potatocells. Describe the microscopic appearance of starch in terms ofcolor and location within the cells.
- Measurement of pH
- What substance has an equal number of hydrogen ions(H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-)?
- What is the pH of the above substance?
- How does the addition of hydroxide ions (OH-) affectthe pH of your stomach?
- Go to lab, Section 4, Exercise 7 to test the pH of commonsolutions. Which solution tested had a pH closest to neutral? Whichsolution was most acidic?
Summary Questions
- What is the smallest subunit of carbohydrates?
- Which reagent could be used to test for diabetes?
- A member of your family has a high blood cholesterol count. Yousee âfat freeâ crackers in the grocery store and decide to test theproduct for the presence of lipids. How would this testproceed?
- A family member has been cautioned about eating foods high insugar. Explain how a test could be run for the presence ofsugar.
- Explain how to test for the presence of protein in milk.
- A friend complains of stomach acidity. Which substance testedmight safely help relieve your friendâs symptoms?
- Explain how solutions are classified as acids or bases. Then,give an example of a weak acid.
