GEOL 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Construction Aggregate, Basalt, Oceanic Crust
19 Sep 2017
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Geologic de nition of a mineral: naturally occurring, generally inorganic, solid substance, orderly crystalline striation, de nite chemical composition. De nition of a rock: a solid mass of minerals or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally. Minerals are joined together in such a way that their individual properties are retained. Atomic number: the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, determines the atoms chemical nature. Element: a group of the same kind of atoms, approximately 90 natural elements and several synthesized in a laboratory exist, organized in a periodic table so that those with similar properties line up. Made by dr. mendeleev: most elements join up with other elements to form chemical compounds, inert means no chemistry because valence electrons are full. Chemical bonding: transferring or sharing electrons allows atoms to attain a full valence shell of electrons. Ionic bonding: atoms gain or lose outermost (valence) electrons form ions (positively to negatively charged atoms).
