BIO 327 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Nuclear Pore, Tata Box, Intron
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Dna replication begins at sites within chromosomes called origins. Number of replication origins varies depending on genome size. Telomeres and centromeres frequently have very simple repetitive sequences. Polymerases polymerize nucleic acids from 5" to 3" Lagging strand is oriented from 3" to 5", so okazaki fragments are used. Dna helicases use energy from atp hydrolysis to unwind the dna. Access to chromosomal dna can be controlled by nucleosome dynamics. Dna is packaged by histones that bind to dna to form nucleosomes. Histones are rich in basic amino acids, associates with acidic phosphodiester backbone of dna. Tend to be associated with regions of active gene expression. Modifications of the histones affect access to the dna for replication and transcription. Remodeling complexes use energy from atp for chromatin switches. Position effects on gene expression involve gene location relative to different chromatin environments. Euchromatin can be more loosely or more tightly compacted compared to each other.
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