PSY 103 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Operant Conditioning, Meta-Analysis, Observational Learning
Document Summary
Learning ii (operant conditioning: operant conditioning: learning about consequences. Aversive stimulus: many situations engage more than one cell of this table. * assuming it"s something you would want to eat, positive reinforcement. * hunger is unpleasant, so when food makes hunger go away, negative reinforcement: properties of reinforcers and punishers. * what counts as appetitive vs. aversive depends on the organism. * reinforcers and punishers are relative, not absolute: the three-term contingency. What organisms learn are the consequences of emitting particular behaviors in particular circumstances: the partial reinforcement effect: responses acquired under schedules of partial reinforcement are more resistant to extinction. * ratio (number) vs. interval (time: shaping by successive approximations. Observational learning: bandura et al. (1961): classic study on observational learning. Children who watched an adult abuse a bobo doll were more aggressive themselves. We learn from seeing what happens to other people.
