BIO 208 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Sensory System, Twin, Prostaglandin
Document Summary
Central dogma of molecular biology: dna makes complementary mrna, mrna codes for strings of amino acids called proteins, each amino acid within a protein is coded by 3 base pairs of dna/rna. Each gene contains the information to make a protein according to the genetic code: genes are the units of inheritance. The gene (c-fos) is expressed in more cells of superficial dorsal horn in response to persistent nociceptive stimulation: can be turned on by certain events. These changes are known as epigenetic (over or above genetics). They can effect expression of the affected genes: alternative splicing of rna units (exons) increases the diversity of proteins. May also help to explain the relatively small number of genes in human genome. Not many genes but many diff possibilities of gene expression. Human genome: 3 billion bases, average gene consists of 3000 bases, 20,000 genes * 3000 bases/gene= 6 x 10^7 bases involved in coding proteins.