01:119:115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 50: Reading Frame, Archibald Garrod, Polyadenylation
5 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
Dna synthesis of proteins specific traits genotype proteins phenotype. Studied inherited diseases people unable to make particular enzyme metabolic defects. Suggested that genes are responsible for phenotypes through enzymes that catalyze specific reactions. One of the 1st to recognize that mendel"s principles of heredity apply to humans. Wild type: live on minimal medium (few nutrients) Bombarded with xrays genetic changes mutation unable to produce particular enzymes nutritional mutants. Relationship between genes and enzyme one gene one enzyme hypothesis: each gene dictates production of a specific enzyme. Now know that not all proteins are enzymes one gene one protein (actually polypeptide) Transcription: information in dna used to synthesize messenger rna (mrna) Translation: ribosome uses info from mrna to synthesize a polypeptide ribosomes are the sites of translation. In prokaryotes translation begins before transcription has finished. Rna= ribonucleic acid nucleic acid as is dna. Uracil (u) pyrimidine substitutes for thymine u=a.
