01:119:115 Lecture 15: Biology- Lecture 15 (Gene Expression - Chapter 17.1 & 17.4)
13 Jul 2016
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Relationship between genes and proteins: dna synthesis of proteins specific traits, genotype proteins phenotype, gene expression = process by which dna directs protein synthesis, Translation: garrod showed: genes are responsible for phenotypes. Studied inherited diseases people unable to make particular enzyme metabolic. Suggested that genes responsible for phenotypes through enzymes that catalyze specific reactions. One of 1st to recognize that mendel"s principles of heredity apply to humans: beadle and tatum: one gene one enzyme hypothesis. Wild type: live on minimal medium (few nutrients) Bombarded with x-rays genetic changes mutation unable to produce particular enzymes nutritional mutants. Relationship between genes and enzyme one gene one enzyme hypothesis: each gene dictates production of a specific enzyme. Now know that not all proteins are enzymes one gene one protein (actually polypeptide) Central dogma of molecular biology unidirectional flow of (figure genetic information. Transcription: info in dna used to synthesize messenger rna (mrna) Translation ribosome uses info from mrna to synthesize a polypeptide.
