BIO 211 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Repressor, Human Genome, Mutation

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sangriaalpaca902

21 Mar 2017

School

Quinnipiac University

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 211

Professor

Dhillon

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Document Summary

Proteins control cell shape, function, reproduction and synthesis of biological molecules. Beadle and tatum > showed one dna gene encodes the information for one protein in a biochemical pathway. Dna must be carried by rna to the cytoplasm. Protein synthesis occurs in ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Rna: has sugar ribose, uracil instead of thymine, single stranded. Is the complementary copy of a dna gene. mrna (messenger) Carries dna information to the ribosome. rrna (ribosomal) Composed of a small subunit, large subunit, two amino acid binding sites and a catalytic site. When there is no protein being made, the small and large subunits are separate. Small subunit binds mrna and large subunit binds trna. trna (transfer) Brings amino acids to the ribosome during synthesis. Anticodon of trna pairs with codon of mrna. Transcription > (synthesis of rna) information in dna is copied into mrna. mrna is complementary to dna.

Related Questions

Gene expression is a multi-step process. Place these events in the correct order.

Question 13 options:

charged tRNA molecules read the next codon, entering the A site of the ribosome.

Translocation of the mRNA to the cytoplasm.

Recruitment of RNA polymerase.

tRNA(Met) binds to the start codon AUG in the P site of the ribosome.

Assembly of small and large ribosome subunits on the mRNA.

Processing of the primary RNA molecule.

Release factors recognize the stop codon, signaling the release of the protein, mRNA and ribosome subunits.

Synthesis of primary RNA molecule, a direct copy of the DNA template.

Recognition of the mRNA by the small ribosome subunit .

Peptidyl transferase, transfers the amino acid of the incoming tRNA to the growing peptide chain.

Binding of transcription factors to the promoter.

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Facts about ribosomes

Indicate whether each of the following statements aboutribosomes is true or false.

1. Ribosomes are composed of tRNA and protein. TrueFalse
2. During translation in eukaryotes, some ribosomes remain free inthe cytoplasm while others attach to protein channels embedded inthe RER. TrueFalse
3. During initiation of translation, the small ribosomal subunitjoins to the mRNA and initiator rRNA, followed by the largeribosomal subunit. TrueFalse
4. When a ribosome first assembles on the mRNA, the initiator tRNAoccupies the A site while the P and E sites are empty.TrueFalse
5. During translation, a charged tRNA first binds to the ribosomeif its anticodon matches the codon in the E site. TrueFalse
6. A peptide bond forms between the amino acid attached to a tRNAin the A site and the growing polypeptide attached to a tRNA in theP site. TrueFalse
7. Uncharged tRNA molecules in the E site are ejected from theribosome. TrueFalse
8. No more than 2 tRNA molecules are bound to a ribosome at anygiven time. TrueFalse
9. During translocation of the ribosome, tRNA molecules move fromthe P site, to the A site, to the E site, and are then ejected fromthe ribosome. TrueFalse
10. During translation, an amino acid attached to a tRNA in the Asite is transferred to a growing polypeptide attached to a tRNA inthe P site. TrueFalse