BIO 150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Vacuole, Endomembrane System, Cell Membrane

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azuremammoth471

8 Jan 2019

School

Quinnipiac University

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 150

Professor

All

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Document Summary

The surface area to volume ratio increases as cell size decreases. A smaller cell has a larger surface area to volume ratio. A larger surface area to volume ratio allows an easier distribution of materials throughout the cell and exchange with the environment. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells have a membrane enclosed nucleus and organelles. Plant cells are similar to animal cells but contain vacuoles, chloroplasts and a cell wall. Nucleus contains the chromosomes and contains the nucleolus which synthesizes ribosomal subunits. The site of synthesis and the smooth er synthesizes lipids, detoxi es drugs and stores calcium ions. Synthesizes proteins which move to the golgi which modi es proteins and sorts them for travel throughout the cell (lysosome, plasma membrane) Lysosome contains digestive enzymes that break down macromolecules. The vacuole can store water, waste or digest materials. Found in may freshwater ports and are used, to pump excess water out of cells.

Related Questions

i need help with this homwork please choose the correct answers and just be claer to read and understand for the slect the apply qusestions too and it is important i realy need the right answers so please be claer not write randomly i really need the correct answers to study for my test so hop you can help me

Question 1

What is the smallest cell you could find?

Question 2

TEMs appear as 3D images

True

False

Question 3

Bacteria are what cell type? Write one word as the answer in lowercase and using no syntax.

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Question 42 pts

ALL eukaryotic cells have which of the following. Click all that apply.

membrane enclosed cell organelles

mitochondria

Question 5

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have which if the following cellular components. Click all that apply.

Question 6

I am made of one 60s and one 40s subunit, which organelle am I?

protein

lipid

bacterial ribosome

Question 9

The difference between the rough and smooth ER is

the rough produces lipids where as the smooth does not

the rough has many folds and convolutions where as the smooth does not

the rough has ribosome embedded and the smooth does not

the rough is closer to the cell membrane whereas the smooth is closer to the nucleus

Question 10

The site where many lipids, including cell membrane is produced.

Question 11

Name the organelle: In muscle cells in particular, I would increase in number and size in response to frequent exercise

Question 12

In animal cells, glucose would be mobilized from its storage molecule (glycogen) in this part of the cell.

Question 13

Which of these is associated with the rough ER

production of carbohydrates

production of steroid hormones

production of ATP

production of proteins that are secreted from the cell

Question 14

Which organelle sorts, modifies and stores substances produced on the rough ER. Write two words as the answer in lower case separated by a space.

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production. Write one word in the singular as the answer.

Question 16

You inherit all of your mitochondria from your

father

half from your mother and half from your father

your siblings

mother

Question 17

An organelle that contains chlorophyll

Question 18

Microtubules have a variety of roles, which of the options below is NOT one of them?

separate chromosomes

cilia and flagellum movement

tracks for organelle movement

constrict the cell during cell division

Question 19

Made of tubulin subunits

microfilaments

chromosomes

intermediate filaments

microtubules

Question 20

Name the part of the cytoskeleton that is made of two twisted rods of actin. Write one word as the answer in lower case.

Question 21

Which part of the cytoskeleton is made of the same protein as your hair and nails?

microfilaments

microtubules

Intermediate filaments

Question 22

The extracellular matrix is found outside of, but attached to the cell membrane?

True

False

Question 23

Which of the options below is an important function of the extra cellular matrix?

connecting cells together

regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell

helping cells divide into two cells

keeping the cell in a fixed and ridged shape

Question 24

Which part of the cell wall has a high pectin content?

Question 25

Plants have mitochondria, chloroplasts, a cell wall, and nuclei.

True

False

Question 27

What accounts for 40% of the protein in our bodies?

Question 28

Animal cells have cell walls

True

false

1. The histones that form the core of the nucleosome get into the nucleus by which of the following?

a) Passive diffusion through nuclear pores

b) Selective and facilitated active transport through nuclear pores

c) Ribosomes located in the nucleus synthetize histones in the nucleus

d) Histones are made at the ER membrane and then diffuse to the nucleus

2. Membrane proteins that belong to the golgi, lysosome, or plasma membrane first pass through which organelle before reaching their final subcellular destination?

a) The golgi apparatus

b) The smooth ER

c) The nucleus

d) The ER membrane

e) The ER lumen

3. Where in the cell would a ribosomal protein be located if it has had its nuclear export signal inactivated (non-functional or non-existent).

a) The protein would be found in the ER lumen

b) The protein would remain in the nucleus

c) The protein would be secreted

d) The protein would remain in the cytoplasm

e) The protein would be in the ER membrane

4. Where would be the final destination of a protein if it contained a NLS anywhere in the protein sequence (and which is exposed to the cytoplasm after protein folding) but also contained an ER signal sequence at the carboxy terminus?

a) The ER lumen

b) The nucleus

c) The cytoplasm

d) The inner nuclear membrane

e) The ER membrane

5. The sequence K-D-E-L serves as a retention/retrieval signal for ER proteins.

a) True

b) False

6. The following are true for both cell membrane proteins and secretory proteins EXCEPT?

a) Precursors of the mature proteins contain signal sequence.

b) Both types of proteins contain stop-transfer sequences

c) Both types of proteins enter the ER while being synthetized

d) Both types of proteins pas through the golgi apparatus

e) Both are carried by clatherin-coated vesicles

7. If you isolate a regulated secreted protein from a secretory/storage vesicle and inject it into the cytosol, is will?

a) Be secreted through channels in the plasma membrane

b) Be taken up into secretory vesicle and secreted

c) Remain in the cytosol until it is degraded

d) Be taken up into the rough ER and follow the secretory pathway

goldmanatee250

PLEASE HELP! HELP! I HAVE 3 PAPERS THAT IâM WRITING SO INEED HELP WITH THIS ASSIGNMENT!

PLEASE READ THE QUESTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE ANSWERING.PLEASE INCLUDE A PARENTHETICAL CITATION WHEN YOU REFER TO,SUMMARIZE, OR QUOTE FROM ANOTHER SOURCES. (MICROBIOLOGY) DUE DATE01/27/2019

Type a three-page minimum double spaced paper coveringthe following topics:

Compare and contrast gram-positive and gram-negative cellwalls. Discuss clinical implications of these differences(15 points).
Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Touch onspecifically the differences in their nucleus, membrane-enclosedorganelles, cell wall, plasma membranes, chromosomes, ribosomes,and cell division. Discuss clinical implications of thesedifferences (15 points).
Describe the functions of the following organelles: flagella,cilia, cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosome, nucleus,smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgicomplex, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, chloroplasts,peroxisomes (25 points).

bronzecicada119

BIO 150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Vacuole, Endomembrane System, Cell Membrane

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