BME 20100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Glycosaminoglycan, Mucin, Triose
27 Nov 2017
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Size range: glyceraldehyde (mw = 90) amylopectin (mw > 200,000,000) Functions: intracellular and intercellular signaling and recognition. Long branched/unbranched chains of repeating monosaccharide or. Long unbranched chains of repeating disaccharide subunits (e. g. hyaluronate), which may be sulfated. C numbered so that aldehyde = c1 and ketone = c2. A ketose and an aldose: same atomic composition, different position of h and. 2 or more oh groups double bonds. Pentoses and hexoses readily undergo intramolecular cyclization to form. Former carbonyl c becomes new chiral center, called anomeric c furanoses and pyranoses (most stable) anomer is alpha or beta. When former carbonyl o becomes an oh, position of group determines if. Glucose is a reducing sugar other molecules. Reducing sugars have free aldehyde or ketone that nonspecifically react with. E. g. glucose can react with hemoglobin to form glycosylated hemoglobin (doesn"t effect o binding) Implicated in aging, arteriosclerosis, and diabetes function of modified protein (non-enzymatic)
