L41 BIOL 4810 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Aldose, Absolute Configuration, Glyceraldehyde
17 Dec 2018
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Name means carbon hydrate because generic formula is cnh2non such that n is at least 3. Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides consist of covalently linked monosaccharide units. Can associate with proteins or lipids to form glycoproteins and glycolipids, respectively. Aldehydes or ketones with at least 3 carbons. Aldehyde: have a -coh functional group --> aldose (e. g. glucose) Ketone: have a -cor functional group --> ketose (e. g. ribulose) Determined by carbonyl group and number of c. D/l sugars have the same absolute configuration at the chiral center furthest from the carbonyl group as d/l glyceraldehyde. To remember, note that l-glyceraldehyde has the oh group on the left side, which d- glyceraldehyde has it on the right side (but remember that this isn"t what d and l actually mean) The orientation of each chiral center matters -- different orientations = different molecules! Epimers: sugars that differ only by the configuration on one c e. g. glucose and mannose are epimers, glucose and galactose are epimers.
